{"id":11605,"date":"2019-01-21T23:00:46","date_gmt":"2019-01-21T23:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ec.kuusi.ovh\/?post_type=best_practices&#038;p=11605"},"modified":"2022-12-22T12:08:05","modified_gmt":"2022-12-22T11:08:05","slug":"frederikshavn","status":"publish","type":"best_practices","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/bonne-pratique\/frederikshavn\/","title":{"rendered":"Un territoire visant un nouveau syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Frederikshavn, commune situ\u00e9e au nord du Danemark, anciennement centr\u00e9e sur ses activit\u00e9s portuaires, s\u2019est tourn\u00e9e depuis 10 ans vers l\u2019accueil d\u2019entreprises et de technologies \u00abvertes\u00bb. En s\u2019appuyant sur ses zones portuaires, sa proximit\u00e9 avec des territoires agricoles et sa volont\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper des activit\u00e9s innovantes, Frederikshavn mise non pas sur une technologie ou une activit\u00e9 en particulier, mais bien sur un nouveau syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique coh\u00e9rent bas\u00e9 sur les renouvelables.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Le point de d\u00e9part<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4>Un appel d\u2019offre qui motive pour devenir pionnier<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout commence en 2006 lorsque des experts de l\u2019\u00e9nergie proposent \u00e0 la ville de Frederikshavn de participer au projet pilote \u00abEnergibyen\u00bb (Energy City) et, ainsi, de devenir la premi\u00e8re ville 100% \u00e9nergies renouvelables du Danemark. D\u00e8s l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, la strat\u00e9gie mise en place, et soutenue par tous les partis politiques, pr\u00e9voit une augmentation importante de la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans la production et la consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie de la ville (20% en 2007, 40% en 2009 et 100% en 2015), coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de l\u2019utilisation de la chaleur (-25%) et de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (-25%). En 2014, l\u2019objectif 100% \u00e9nergies renouvelables a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tendu au territoire de la commune \u00e9largie de Frederikshavn (le Grand Frederikshavn) avec 2030 pour nouvelle \u00e9ch\u00e9ance. Le territoire va ainsi au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019objectif fix\u00e9 par le gouvernement national, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire 100% \u00e9nergies renouvelables en 2050, dans l\u2019optique de cr\u00e9er le plus rapidement possible de nouveaux emplois verts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>La d\u00e9marche <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4>Un processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation continue pour garder  le cap<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Un nouvel outil de mod\u00e9lisation et de visualisation 3D, \u00e9labor\u00e9 par l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Aalborg, a permis de d\u00e9marrer l\u2019initiative sur la base de donn\u00e9es concr\u00e8tes et de sc\u00e9narios. Ce m\u00eame logiciel sert aussi de support de communication et sensibilisation vis-\u00e0-vis des partenaires et du grand public. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour arriver \u00e0 couvrir les besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, chaleur et transports) \u00e0 100% par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables, le plan pr\u00e9voit de compl\u00e9ter les 27% actuels de renouvelables par 14% d\u2019\u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie, 49% d\u2019\u00e9olien et le reste majoritairement par des sources et technologies locales renouvelables (biomasse, biogaz, pompes \u00e0 chaleur etc.).<br>Si le train de mesures continue au m\u00eame rythme, une augmentation de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de 23 % est projet\u00e9e pour 2030 (compar\u00e9 \u00e0 2010). Celle-ci passera par une ma\u00eetrise de la consommation dans les b\u00e2timents, l\u2019optimisation des flux de transport ou, encore, le recours aux proc\u00e9dures de march\u00e9s publics durables. Pour remplacer le gaz naturel et le p\u00e9trole par des ressources renouvelables, des projets \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle sont pr\u00e9vus, dont la construction de nombreuses \u00e9oliennes, faisant passer la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 34 \u00e0 130 GWh. Le solaire photovolta\u00efque et le solaire thermique sont aussi d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s (4 GWh et 1 GWh respectivement). Enfin, des unit\u00e9s de m\u00e9thanisation et d\u2019incin\u00e9ration des d\u00e9chets sont mises en place, assurant une production de chaleur, d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, de biogaz. Un r\u00e9seau de chaleur dense permettra de transporter cette \u00e9nergie aux consommateurs.<br>Dans les transports, le Grand Frederikshavn est en train de cr\u00e9er des infrastructures facilitant une mobilit\u00e9 moins polluante : stations de chargement et de transfert de batterie pour v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, au biogaz, ou hybrides, am\u00e9nagement du territoire favorisant le v\u00e9lo, d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019autopartage. Le plan d\u2019action pour 2030 sera revu tous les ans pour \u00abmaintenir l\u2019ambition d\u2019une conversion \u00e0 100% d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables\u00bb. Le processus d\u2019\u00e9valuation continue permettra d\u2019int\u00e9grer des nouvelles technologies renouvelables, qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 en phase pilote, mais qui n\u2019ont pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 quantifi\u00e9es dans le master plan, telles que l\u2019\u00e9nergie de la houle, la bio-raffinerie de Frederikshavn ou l\u2019\u00e9lectrolyse pour produire de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Le lien urbain-rural<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4>Valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>En 2013, une r\u00e9forme de l\u2019administration locale regroupe de nombreuses communes danoises. Le nouveau Grand Frederikshavn est alors cr\u00e9\u00e9, regroupant les anciennes communes de Skagen, S\u00e6by et Frederikshavn. Les habitants de la nouvelle commune de Frederikshavn se trouvent \u00e0 70% dans les villes et \u00e0 30% sur le territoire rural.<br>L\u2019objectif ambitieux des 100% \u00e9nergies renouvelables n\u2019est pas atteignable sans la valorisation des ressources pr\u00e9sentes dans le territoire environnant de la ville de Frederikshavn. La biomasse est vue comme une opportunit\u00e9 de redynamiser le secteur agricole en l\u2019amenant \u00e0 \u00eatre aussi fournisseur d\u2019\u00e9nergie. L\u2019\u00e9olien off-shore, quant \u00e0 lui, est exploit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce, entre autres, \u00e0 l\u2019investisseur DONG Energy (d\u00e9tenu \u00e0 80% par l\u2019\u00c9tat).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Frederikshavn, commune situ\u00e9e au nord du Danemark, anciennement centr\u00e9e sur ses activit\u00e9s portuaires, s\u2019est tourn\u00e9e depuis 10 ans vers l\u2019accueil d\u2019entreprises et de technologies \u00abvertes\u00bb. <a href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/bonne-pratique\/frederikshavn\/\">[\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":15953,"template":"","hub":[310],"topic":[22,101,109],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Un territoire visant un nouveau syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/bonne-pratique\/frederikshavn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un territoire visant un nouveau syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Frederikshavn, commune situ\u00e9e au nord du Danemark, anciennement centr\u00e9e sur ses activit\u00e9s portuaires, s\u2019est tourn\u00e9e depuis 10 ans vers l\u2019accueil d\u2019entreprises et de technologies \u00abvertes\u00bb. 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