{"id":10069,"date":"2018-11-13T15:01:23","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T14:01:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ec.kuusi.ovh\/?p=10069"},"modified":"2019-06-05T15:04:04","modified_gmt":"2019-06-05T13:04:04","slug":"villes-en-transition-il-y-a-une-vie-apres-le-charbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/villes-en-transition-il-y-a-une-vie-apres-le-charbon\/","title":{"rendered":"Villes en transition : il y a une vie apr\u00e8s le charbon !"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
p<\/strong><\/em>La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans les r\u00e9gions mini\u00e8res n\u2019est pas un sujet nouveau mais aujourd\u2019hui, il appara\u00eet r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans mon fil d\u2019actualit\u00e9. Je suis certaine que vous avez entendu parler des manifestations contre l\u2019extension d\u2019une mine de charbon dans l\u2019ancienne for\u00eat de Hambach en Allemagne. Tr\u00e8s vite, des articles et des d\u00e9clarations ont suivi au sujet des cons\u00e9quences probables de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sur l\u2019environnement urbain, les identit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales et l\u2019emploi. Mais plus je lis d\u2019articles au sujet d\u2019initiatives innovantes par les villes et des r\u00e9cits de transition vers des \u00e9nergies renouvelables, moins je crois aux discours politiques qui mettent le business au c\u0153ur de ce processus.
<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Des villes en d\u00e9clin ou en transition ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le discours habituel veut que les anciennes villes mini\u00e8res soient des villes en d\u00e9clin, presque des \u00ab villes fant\u00f4mes <\/strong> \u00bb. Une ville en d\u00e9clin<\/a>, ou \u00ab shrinking city \u00bb est une ville qui conna\u00eet un d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mographique constant suite \u00e0 des changements structurels (par exemple, la disparition d\u2019emplois ou le manque de ressources). Par cons\u00e9quent, ses infrastructures deviennent trop importantes et trop ch\u00e8res \u00e0 entretenir. Aussi, les structures financi\u00e8res et sociales connues ne fonctionnent plus.
\nJe ne nie pas les d\u00e9fis consid\u00e9rables que repr\u00e9sente la fermeture d\u2019une mine de charbon. Mais toutes les villes mini\u00e8res ne sont pas condamn\u00e9es \u00e0 devenir des villes fant\u00f4mes !<\/strong> Leur mani\u00e8re de r\u00e9agir et de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 une nouvelle situation fait toute la diff\u00e9rence. Laissez-moi vous parler de deux anciennes villes mini\u00e8res qui ont tourn\u00e9 la page du charbon avec succ\u00e8s, am\u00e9liorant au passage la qualit\u00e9 de vie de leurs habitants !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Loos in transition <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Loos-en-Gohelle est une petite ville de 7 000 habitants dans le nord de la France. Le destin de cette ville, comme de toute sa r\u00e9gion, est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9 aux industries mini\u00e8res, actives entre les ann\u00e9es 1850 et les ann\u00e9es 1980. \u00c0 la fermeture des mines, l\u2019administration locale a d\u00fb faire un choix d\u00e9cisif : remplacer l\u2019extraction du charbon en attirant de nouvelles et grandes industries ou bien prendre une tout nouveau chemin. Elle a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de prendre le tournant le plus moderne. Aujourd\u2019hui, Loos-en-Gohelle est un cas d\u2019\u00e9cole : la ville s\u2019est lib\u00e9r\u00e9e de sa d\u00e9pendance aux \u00e9nergies fossiles.<\/strong>
\nLes initiatives prises ont touch\u00e9 tous les secteurs, de la r\u00e9novation de b\u00e2timent au tourisme, en passant par la technologie verte et la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable. Par exemple, quand elle a d\u00fb r\u00e9nover la toiture de son \u00e9glise, la municipalit\u00e9 a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019y installer des panneaux solaires photovolta\u00efques. \u00c0 la place d\u2019ardoises, la toiture de l\u2019\u00e9glise arbore d\u00e9sormais des cellules photovolta\u00efques. Ces derni\u00e8res fonctionnent depuis 2013 et engendrent 5 000 euros de revenus annuels pour la ville.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9couvrez toutes les initiatives prises par Loos-en-Gohelle sur le site Renewable Nerworking Platform<\/a>
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Nous ne pouvons pas construire l\u2019avenir si nous rejetons le pass\u00e9 \u00bb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les terrils jumeaux 11 et 19 t\u00e9moignent du pass\u00e9 minier de Loos-en-Gohelle. Inscrits au patrimoine mondial de l\u2019UNESCO en 2012, la base du 11\/19 a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9e en centre culturel pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable. Elle abrite de nombreuses organisations culturelles et centres de R&D, jouant ainsi un r\u00f4le dans l\u2019avenir de la ville.
\nD\u2019apr\u00e8s le maire, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Caron<\/strong>, \u00ab nous ne pouvons construire l\u2019avenir si nous oublions le pass\u00e9 <\/em> \u00bb. La ville a d\u00fb faire face \u00e0 de nombreux d\u00e9fis, principalement celui de se r\u00e9inviter autour de sa communaut\u00e9. Des investisseurs locaux se sont impliqu\u00e9s dans le processus. Sur la p\u00e9riode 2008-2014, la municipalit\u00e9 a organis\u00e9 plus de 200 rencontres publiques. Les citoyens ont pu participer \u00e0 la mise en place de projets locaux ou simplement exprimer leur opinion. Apr\u00e8s plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle pendant lequel l\u2019industrie mini\u00e8re a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de leur vie, ils ont retrouv\u00e9 leur capacit\u00e9 d\u2019action et d\u2019initiative personnelle !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Donner une nouvelle vie \u00e0 des mines abandonn\u00e9es<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Heerlen, membre d\u2019Energy Cities, est une autre ancienne ville mini\u00e8re qui a mis la main sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1900, l\u2019extraction du charbon constituait la plus grand activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de la r\u00e9gion. Le gouvernement n\u00e9erlandais avait creus\u00e9 un vaste r\u00e9seau de passages miniers \u00e0 travers et autour d\u2019Heerlen pour l\u2019extraction du charbon. Des dizaines de milliers d\u2019ouvriers et leurs familles vivaient de l\u2019industrie mini\u00e8re. Apr\u00e8s la fermeture des mines, entre 1965 et 1974, la r\u00e9gion a connu une p\u00e9riode de d\u00e9clin \u00e9conomique, social et culturel. Les vieilles galeries mini\u00e8res se sont remplies d\u2019eau souterraine, chauff\u00e9e naturellement par la terre. Les mines sont ainsi devenues un r\u00e9servoir d\u2019eau, inexploit\u00e9 pendant des ann\u00e9es, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que la municipalit\u00e9 lance le projet Mijnwater<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De l\u2019eau mini\u00e8re pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Heerlen \u00e9tait r\u00e9solue \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie de ses administr\u00e9s et \u00e0 r\u00e9habiliter la r\u00e9gion. En 2005, avec le soutien de l\u2019UE et de l\u2019agence gouvernementale Agentschap NL, elle a creus\u00e9 cinq puits et construit un r\u00e9seau souterrain de tuyaux pour permettre \u00e0 l\u2019eau de circuler. En 2008, la premi\u00e8re centrale g\u00e9othermique \u00e0 eau mini\u00e8re, Gen Coel in Heerlerheide, a ouvert ses portes et les premiers raccordements au r\u00e9seau Minjwater ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s. \u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 publique fournit de l\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable pour des habitations, des bureaux, des \u00e9coles primaires, des supermarch\u00e9s, une cr\u00e8che et un centre sportif.<\/strong>
\nLa ville, connue comme bassin minier, a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9compens\u00e9e internationalement pour ses efforts impressionnants dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique. En plus d\u2019avanc\u00e9es importants vers l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, le projet a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des emplois au niveau local, des opportunit\u00e9s d\u2019investissement dans la r\u00e9gion, et a am\u00e9lior\u00e9 la connaissance et l\u2019expertise de la r\u00e9gion. Pas mal pour une ville fant\u00f4me !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour en savoir plus sur le projet Mijnwater, rendez-vous sur le site Renewable Networking Platform<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9photos : J\u00e9r\u00e9my G\u00fcnther – Heinz J\u00e4hnick \/ Heerlen \/ Patrick Tomasso<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

pLa transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans les r\u00e9gions mini\u00e8res n\u2019est pas un sujet nouveau mais aujourd\u2019hui, il appara\u00eet r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans mon fil d\u2019actualit\u00e9. Je suis certaine que [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":16691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[],"topic":[101],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Sara Giovannini","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/s-giovannini\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/andreas-gucklhorn-285602-unsplash-300x169.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/andreas-gucklhorn-285602-unsplash.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Sara Giovannini","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/s-giovannini\/"},"yoast_head":"\nVilles en transition : il y a une vie apr\u00e8s le charbon ! - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/villes-en-transition-il-y-a-une-vie-apres-le-charbon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Villes en transition : il y a une vie apr\u00e8s le charbon ! - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"pLa transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans les r\u00e9gions mini\u00e8res n\u2019est pas un sujet nouveau mais aujourd\u2019hui, il appara\u00eet r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans mon fil d\u2019actualit\u00e9. 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