{"id":26366,"date":"2019-10-24T15:12:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-24T13:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/plymouth-citizen-led-approaches-to-municipal-retrofit\/"},"modified":"2020-06-11T14:26:11","modified_gmt":"2020-06-11T12:26:11","slug":"plymouth-citizen-led-approaches-to-municipal-retrofit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/plymouth-citizen-led-approaches-to-municipal-retrofit\/","title":{"rendered":"Plymouth: une approche citoyenne de la r\u00e9novation des logements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>L\u2019auteure de cet article, Laura Williams, travaille pour Carbon Co-op, une coop\u00e9rative <a>militante<\/a> proposant des services \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et bas\u00e9e au Royaume-Uni. Comme Energy Cities, cette organisation participe au projet <a href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/projet\/mpower-action-municipale-engagement-du-public-et-chemins-vers-la-transition-energetique-partenaire\/\">mPower, un projet europ\u00e9en qui vise \u00e0 faciliter les \u00e9changes de savoirs entre municipalit\u00e9s d\u00e9sireuses de d\u00e9velopper des projets et des services \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques centr\u00e9s sur les citoyens<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans le cadre du projet mPower, nous avons organis\u00e9 ce mois-ci un voyage d\u2019\u00e9tude \u00e0 Plymouth pour les membres du groupe d\u2019apprentissage entre pairs consacr\u00e9 aux r\u00e9novations et \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, \u00e0 savoir les collectivit\u00e9s locales de Nis (Serbie), Dobrich (Bulgarie), Saint S\u00e9bastien (Espagne) et Plymouth (RU). Au cours de ces trois jours, les membres du groupe ont pu explorer des th\u00e8mes pr\u00e9sentant un int\u00e9r\u00eat commun\u00a0: \u00e9quilibre entre objectifs d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et impacts en termes de valeur sociale, r\u00f4le potentiel des diff\u00e9rents acteurs, financement et qualit\u00e9 des travaux. La <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plymouth.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"municipalit\u00e9 de Plymouth (opens in a new tab)\">municipalit\u00e9 de Plymouth<\/a> et son partenaire <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Plymouth Community Energy (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.plymouthenergycommunity.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Plymouth Community Energy<\/a> ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 plusieurs projets innovants dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, faisant de cette ville un bon point de d\u00e9part pour d\u00e9buter notre programme ! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gagner la confiance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Infograph-1.jpg\" alt=\"Infograph Plymouth Energy Community\" class=\"wp-image-26232\" width=\"323\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Infograph-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Infograph-1-231x300.jpg 231w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\" \/><figcaption>www.plymouthenergycommunity.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous avons commenc\u00e9 par une session anim\u00e9e par Plymouth Energy Community (PEC), une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 b\u00e9n\u00e9fice communautaire cr\u00e9\u00e9e avec le soutien de la municipalit\u00e9 en 2012. C\u2019est avec int\u00e9r\u00eat que nous appris le r\u00f4le crucial jou\u00e9 par la municipalit\u00e9 dans la cr\u00e9ation de cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0: mise \u00e0 disposition d\u2019employ\u00e9s municipaux pour soutenir son d\u00e9veloppement, business plan financ\u00e9 par la municipalit\u00e9 et soutien \u00e0 la campagne de recrutement des 100 membres fondateurs. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et la Ville de Plymouth travaillent aujourd\u2019hui en \u00e9troite collaboration sur de nouveaux projets et se partagent du personnel. Apprendre que cette initiative a essaim\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9confortant. 23 coop\u00e9ratives sont d\u00e9sormais en activit\u00e9, la plupart ayant b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du dispositif de cofinancement de la municipalit\u00e9 r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux organismes pr\u00e9sentant un int\u00e9r\u00eat social. La Ville pr\u00e9voit d\u2019ailleurs de doubler le nombre d\u2019entreprises sociales d\u2019ici 2025 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une strat\u00e9gie r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9voil\u00e9e et \u00e0 un fonds commun d\u2019investissement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default\"><p> La Ville pr\u00e9voit de doubler le nombre d\u2019entreprises sociales  d\u2019ici 2025 <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des repr\u00e9sentants des villes de Dobrich (Bulgarie) et Nis (Serbie)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aux \u00ab\u00a0Moments Caf\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, nos conversations ont port\u00e9 sur la mani\u00e8re dont PEC a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 engager la communaut\u00e9 locale. \u00a0Nous avons parl\u00e9 des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de ses services \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et de ses conseillers, mais \u00e9galement de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9couter le v\u00e9cu des personnes et de proposer des services qui correspondent aux besoins de la population. Parmi les personnes qui ont particip\u00e9 aux programmes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques de Plymouth, 66 % sont en situation de handicap ou en longue maladie et 50 % souffrent de d\u00e9pression et\/ou d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9. Les membres du groupe ont \u00e9tabli des parall\u00e8les avec \u00a0leur propre ville et r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de tenir compte des situations individuelles. Nous en avons d\u00e9duit que si l\u2019on souhaite r\u00e9ellement am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de tous les logements en Europe, une solution unique ne peut fonctionner. Une approche est n\u00e9cessaire pour ceux qui sont en mesure de payer le co\u00fbt des travaux, une autre pour les personnes en situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Qualit\u00e9, qualit\u00e9, qualit\u00e9 !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le deuxi\u00e8me jour, nous avons abord\u00e9 la situation du secteur de la r\u00e9novation au Royaume-Uni. La journaliste Kate De Selincourt nous a parl\u00e9 de programmes de r\u00e9novation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, \u00a0comme celui de Fishwick Road, dans la ville de Preston, o\u00f9 les travaux, financ\u00e9s par des fournisseurs d\u2019\u00e9nergie plus pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la quantit\u00e9 que par la qualit\u00e9, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mal ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s et se sont sold\u00e9s par des malfa\u00e7ons, laissant les habitations dans un \u00e9tat d\u00e9sastreux et contribuant \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat de m\u00e9fiance \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de ces programmes en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. De soi-disant artisans avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait parl\u00e9 d\u2019eux en r\u00e9alisant des travaux d\u2019isolation en murs creux ou par l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de qualit\u00e9 douteuse, contribuant \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un \u00a0tel climat, et ces r\u00e9cents exemples d\u00e9plorables n\u2019ont fait que renforcer la m\u00e9fiance. Toute personne essayant de lancer de tels programmes au Royaume-Uni doit s\u2019attendre \u00e0 rencontrer ce type d\u2019obstacle et doit travailler \u00e0 reb\u00e2tir la confiance perdue, m\u00eame si les membres du groupe ont fait remarquer que ce type de probl\u00e8me existait aussi chez eux. L\u2019approche de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 PEC nous a \u00e9clair\u00e9s sur la mani\u00e8re de reconstruire de telles relations. Pour une habitante en particulier, c\u2019est l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat v\u00e9ritable port\u00e9 par PEC \u00e0 sa maison qui l\u2019a pouss\u00e9e \u00e0 prendre son t\u00e9l\u00e9phone lorsqu\u2019elle a re\u00e7u le prospectus de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans sa bo\u00eete aux lettres. Suite \u00e0 une visite \u00e0 domicile, elle a d\u00e9j\u00e0 adopt\u00e9 des mesures d\u2019\u00e9conomie d\u2019\u00e9nergie parmi les plus simples \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/photo-1517581177682-a085bb7ffb15-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/photo-1517581177682-a085bb7ffb15-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/photo-1517581177682-a085bb7ffb15-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/photo-1517581177682-a085bb7ffb15-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/photo-1517581177682-a085bb7ffb15-700x466.jpg 700w, https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/photo-1517581177682-a085bb7ffb15.jpg 1952w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption> <em>Obstacles et opportunit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9novation de logements<\/em>  Photo <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@mimithekuk?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Milivoj Kuhar<\/a> sur <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/s\/photos\/renovation?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Acceptation de la communaut\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous avons entendu le m\u00eame son de cloche lorsque nous avons visit\u00e9 un vaste projet communautaire de production d\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire de 4,1 MW \u00e0 Ernsettle que PEC a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre sur pied. Le promoteur d\u2019un projet solaire construit sur une colline surplombant une ferme avait promis d\u2019en partager les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices avec la population, mais les ann\u00e9es ont pass\u00e9 sans que rien ne se produise. Les habitants \u00e9taient donc plut\u00f4t sceptiques lorsque PEC leur a propos\u00e9 un nouveau projet solaire\u00a0 sur une friche situ\u00e9e dans le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019entrep\u00f4ts appartenant au Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense. Mais lorsque PEC leur a propos\u00e9 des parts dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 leur donnant un droit de regard sur le projet, alors leur attitude a chang\u00e9. Nous avons vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 impressionn\u00e9s par la mani\u00e8re dont la communaut\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9troitement impliqu\u00e9e dans la gestion de ce projet \u00e0 tous les niveaux, la population locale ayant son mot \u00e0 dire sur la mani\u00e8re dont les fonds sont d\u00e9pens\u00e9s pour am\u00e9liorer son cadre de vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Au-del\u00e0 du carbone<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au fil du temps, nos conversations ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les aspects purement climatiques pour s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 de vie. Nous avons appris qu\u2019une plus grande efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pouvait \u00e9galement avoir des impacts positifs sur la sant\u00e9. \u00a0A Carmarthen par exemple, la r\u00e9novation thermique de pr\u00e8s de 3 000 logements a permis de faire baisser le nombre d\u2019hospitalisations. Certains organismes aux Royaume-Uni commencent d\u2019ailleurs \u00e0 s\u2019int\u00e9resser de pr\u00e8s \u00e0 ce sujet, comme le service de sant\u00e9 du Gloucestershire qui finance le programme \u00ab\u00a0Warm and Well\u00a0\u00bb. \u00a0Un argument suppl\u00e9mentaire qui pourrait aider \u00e0 promouvoir une adoption plus large des mesures d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p> la r\u00e9novation thermique de pr\u00e8s de 3 000 logements a permis de faire baisser le nombre d\u2019hospitalisations <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Impliquer les habitants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous avons \u00e9galement parl\u00e9 plus largement de la valeur sociale de ces projets de r\u00e9novation. A\u00a0 \u00a0Wilmcote House dans la ville de Portsmouth, des logements sociaux devaient \u00eatre d\u00e9truits en raison de leur v\u00e9tust\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s examen de la proposition de d\u00e9molition, le personnel municipal en charge du dossier a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 qu\u2019il serait moins co\u00fbteux de r\u00e9nover ces logements. Autre cons\u00e9quence positive pour les r\u00e9sidents\u00a0: ceux-ci n\u2019auraient pas \u00e0 subir une proc\u00e9dure de relogement.\u00a0Lors de la phase de planification, une approche pragmatique a \u00e9t\u00e9 privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e avec l\u2019ouverture au public d\u2019un appartement t\u00e9moin afin que les r\u00e9sidents puissent voir le r\u00e9sultat des travaux, cet appartement remplissant \u00e9galement une fonction d\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie et permettant de recueillir de pr\u00e9cieux retours d\u2019information. Les propositions des r\u00e9sidents, comme des espaces pour s\u00e9cher le linge, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s\u00a0 dans les plans finaux, montrant ainsi que la r\u00e9novation pouvait avoir un impact positif suppl\u00e9mentaire sur la vie des locataires. Cela s\u2019est ressenti dans le bilan de fin de projet, les r\u00e9sidents continuant de soutenir l\u2019approche de la municipalit\u00e9, approche qui leur a permis d\u2019\u00e9conomiser 700 \u00a3 en moyenne par an sur leurs factures d\u2019\u00e9nergie.\u00a0 La relation durable qui s\u2019est \u00e9tablie entre la municipalit\u00e9 et les r\u00e9sidents nous a vraiment impressionn\u00e9s, \u00a0et montre que les programmes de r\u00e9novation peuvent avoir des retomb\u00e9es sociales bien r\u00e9elles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Un contexte d\u2019urgence climatique<\/strong>  <strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notre visite \u00e0 Plymouth a donn\u00e9 au groupe mati\u00e8re \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir. Bien que la vision coop\u00e9rative de \u00a0Plymouth soit ind\u00e9niablement source d\u2019espoir car elle montre qu\u2019il est possible de faire les choses autrement, l\u2019objectif de neutralit\u00e9 carbone d\u2019ici 2030 inscrit dans la d\u00e9claration<a> <\/a>municipale r\u00e9cemment adopt\u00e9e sur l\u2019urgence climatique semble encore bien loin. Il reste en effet beaucoup \u00e0 faire, comme trouver le moyen d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le rythme des r\u00e9novations, s\u2019assurer de la qualit\u00e9 des travaux, \u00a0d\u00e9velopper une fili\u00e8re et cr\u00e9er des options de r\u00e9novation financi\u00e8rement viables. Au moins Plymouth dispose-t-elle de bases solides sur lesquelles elle peut compter pour emporter avec elle la population dans sa r\u00e9flexion sur les mesures \u00e0 prendre en ces temps d\u2019urgence climatique<a>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"750\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/plymouth-light-house_750.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/plymouth-light-house_750.jpg 750w, https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/plymouth-light-house_750-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/plymouth-light-house_750-700x353.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><figcaption>Plymouth lighthouse (Photo: Laura Williams)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Le voyage d\u2019\u00e9tude a r\u00e9uni des repr\u00e9sentants des villes de Dobrich (Bulgarie), Nis (Serbie), Saint S\u00e9bastien (Espagne) et Plymouth, toutes membres d\u2019Energy Cities.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Un grand merci \u00e0 la Ville de Plymouth et \u00e0 Plymouth Energy Community pour nous avoir re\u00e7us ainsi qu\u2019aux experts qui sont intervenus comme t\u00e9moins et aux \u00a0participants. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Suivez l&rsquo;actualit\u00e9 du projet mPower<\/strong>: <a href=\"http:\/\/municipalpower.org\">municipalpower.org<\/a> #municipalpower<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background has-very-light-gray-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color\"><strong>Le sujet de la r\u00e9novation des logements vous int\u00e9resse ? <\/strong> Vous voulez savoir comment votre ville peut aider \u00e0 promouvoir les  travaux de r\u00e9novation dans les copropri\u00e9t\u00e9s ? D\u00e9couvrez les approches de  facilitation d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es et test\u00e9es dans le cadre du projet  ACE-retrofitting  : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nweurope.eu\/ace-retrofitting\">www.nweurope.eu\/ace-retrofitting<\/a>  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019auteure de cet article, Laura Williams, travaille pour Carbon Co-op, une coop\u00e9rative militante proposant des services \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et bas\u00e9e au Royaume-Uni. Comme Energy Cities, cette <a href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/plymouth-citizen-led-approaches-to-municipal-retrofit\/\">[\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":26246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[306],"topic":[22,82,108],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Miriam Eisermann","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/m-eisermann\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/hayes-potter-hstCyeEFj_Q-unsplash-300x201.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/hayes-potter-hstCyeEFj_Q-unsplash.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Miriam Eisermann","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/m-eisermann\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Plymouth: une approche citoyenne de la r\u00e9novation des logements - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/plymouth-citizen-led-approaches-to-municipal-retrofit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plymouth: une approche citoyenne de la r\u00e9novation des logements - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019auteure de cet article, Laura Williams, travaille pour Carbon Co-op, une coop\u00e9rative militante proposant des services \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et bas\u00e9e au Royaume-Uni. 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