{"id":29762,"date":"2020-03-27T16:26:10","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T15:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=29762"},"modified":"2020-06-11T14:26:05","modified_gmt":"2020-06-11T12:26:05","slug":"il-ny-a-pas-seulement-une-vague-de-renovation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/il-ny-a-pas-seulement-une-vague-de-renovation\/","title":{"rendered":"Il n’y a pas seulement une vague de r\u00e9novation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les politiques visant \u00e0\npromouvoir la r\u00e9novation des logements se sont souvent heurt\u00e9es au m\u00eame \u00e9cueil par\nle pass\u00e9 en faisant l\u2019erreur de se focaliser sur la cible la plus \u00e9vidente : les\nlogements. Nous devons au contraire reconna\u00eetre que tout logement fait partie\nd\u2019un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, compos\u00e9 de b\u00e2timents divers et vari\u00e9s, d\u2019entreprises,\nd\u2019\u00e9nergie et d\u2019individus. Et c\u2019est en int\u00e9grant tous ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments dans un plan \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9chelle du quartier que nous pourrons commencer \u00e0 nous rapprocher de\nl\u2019objectif de 3 % de r\u00e9novation par an et lancer la vague de r\u00e9novation que\ndemande le Pacte vert pour l\u2019Europe.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une planification \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du quartier permet en effet d\u2019\u00e9valuer les atouts et besoins \u00e0 un niveau plus large et d\u2019utiliser ces informations de la mani\u00e8re la plus efficace possible. Divers outils sont \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaires pour mobiliser et imposer un changement aupr\u00e8s des propri\u00e9taires et occupants de b\u00e2timents tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents. Mais ces informations et outils ne sont utiles qu\u2019entre les mains de collectivit\u00e9s locales qui savent s\u2019en servir. C\u2019est pourquoi il est essentiel que la \u00ab vague de r\u00e9novation \u00bb de l\u2019UE int\u00e8gre un important volet consacr\u00e9 au d\u00e9veloppement des capacit\u00e9s et connaissances des collectivit\u00e9s europ\u00e9ennes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un outil permettant de cartographier et planifier les\nbesoins en chauffage et en refroidissement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale, r\u00e9gionale et nationale\na \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au point dans le cadre du projet\nHotmaps<\/a> financ\u00e9 par le programme Horizon 2020. Concr\u00e8tement, ce projet\npermet de d\u00e9finir que dans une zone concentrant un grand nombre\nd\u2019\u00e9tablissements industriels g\u00e9n\u00e9rant une grande quantit\u00e9 de chaleur fatale par\nexemple, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d\u2019investir dans la construction d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de\nchaleur urbain pour alimenter les habitations alentours plut\u00f4t que de\npromouvoir le remplacement des chaudi\u00e8res \u00e0 gaz par des pompes \u00e0 chaleur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les logements sociaux, \u00e9coles et b\u00e2timents municipaux sont de bons points de d\u00e9part<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Les plans de r\u00e9novation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un quartier permettent\n\u00e9galement d\u2019identifier les projets les plus rapides \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre afin d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer\nla vague de r\u00e9novation et faire passer la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e0 la vitesse\nsup\u00e9rieure. Les logements sociaux, les \u00e9coles et les divers b\u00e2timents\nmunicipaux constituent d\u2019excellents points de d\u00e9part car ils ont un\npropri\u00e9taire unique, ils peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une aide administrative et sont\nsouvent des \u00e9difices imposants, construits de mani\u00e8re standardis\u00e9e. Leur\nr\u00e9novation est donc relativement simple et offre aux entreprises locales du secteur\ndu b\u00e2timent une opportunit\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper leurs comp\u00e9tences en la mati\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une fois r\u00e9nov\u00e9s, ces\nb\u00e2timents peuvent servir d\u2019\u00e9picentres \u00e0 des projets d\u2019\u00e9nergie citoyenne.<\/strong>\nA\nMouscron, en Belgique,<\/a> les panneaux solaires photovolta\u00efques mont\u00e9s sur le\ntoit d\u2019une \u00e9cole alimentent en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 verte 200 logements des environs qui\nne peuvent en \u00eatre \u00e9quip\u00e9s. Mais m\u00eame si cela avait \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas, il est toujours\nplus efficace de produire de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 avec une seule grande installation plut\u00f4t\nque des dizaines de petites unit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fixer un calendrier de r\u00e9novation pour les b\u00e2timents <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Les b\u00e2timents \u00e0 usage commercial ou tertiaire constituent une autre cat\u00e9gorie de b\u00e2timents qui peuvent \u00eatre rapidement r\u00e9nov\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un quartier et ce \u00e0 moindre co\u00fbt, \u00e0 condition de disposer du bon cadre de financement. L\u2019instauration d\u2019objectifs de performance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique contraignants assortis d\u2019un calendrier de r\u00e9alisation peut \u00e9galement contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire fortement les \u00e9missions.  L\u2019avantage de ce dispositif pour les propri\u00e9taires est d\u2019accro\u00eetre la valeur de leur bien sans craindre  de subir la concurrence de b\u00e2timents lou\u00e9s moins cher parce qu\u2019ils n\u2019auraient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9nov\u00e9s. Les modalit\u00e9s et calendriers exacts doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9finis localement, mais il serait possible de fixer un objectif de performance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e0 long terme (par exemple atteindre la classe A d\u2019ici 2030) avec des \u00e9tapes interm\u00e9diaires, comme atteindre au moins la classe C d\u2019ici 2023, la classe B d\u2019ici 2026 et la classe A au plus tard en 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les choses sont plus\ncompliqu\u00e9es avec les maisons individuelles et les copropri\u00e9t\u00e9s associant \u00e0 la\nfois propri\u00e9taires et locataires<\/strong>. Le co\u00fbt des op\u00e9rations, l\u2019\u00e9parpillement\net la diversit\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents et autorit\u00e9s de planification font qu\u2019il faudra\nplus de temps pour lancer le mouvement. Sachant que  43 % des europ\u00e9ens vivent en appartement, il\nest essentiel de s\u2019attaquer \u00e0 ce secteur. Des projets comme INNOVATE<\/a>, du programme\nHorizon 2020, ou encore le projet INTERREG Nord-Ouest Europe ACE-Retrofitting<\/a> montrent\nque des mesures concr\u00e8tes, comme l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de guichets uniques, peuvent\n\u00eatre prises pour faciliter les d\u00e9marches de r\u00e9novation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une s\u00e9rie de vagues successives <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Comme indiqu\u00e9 ci-dessus, l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de ces r\u00e9novations planifi\u00e9es\n\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un quartier est de faire baisser les \u00e9missions et la consommation\nd\u2019\u00e9nergie, ann\u00e9e apr\u00e8s ann\u00e9e. Il faut le voir comme une s\u00e9rie de vagues\nsuccessives.  Tout d\u2019abord, ce sont les\nlogements sociaux, les \u00e9coles et les b\u00e2timents industriels et commerciaux qui voient\nleur confort am\u00e9lior\u00e9 et r\u00e9duisent leurs \u00e9missions. Puis vient le tour des\nmaisons et immeubles de logement de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de syst\u00e8mes de chauffage \u00e0\nfaibles \u00e9missions de carbone et d\u2019un approvisionnement en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 verte\nproduite localement et, dans un troisi\u00e8me temps, de travaux de r\u00e9novation qui\nviendront encore r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions et la consommation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, un plan de r\u00e9novation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un quartier ne peut fonctionner que dans des collectivit\u00e9s fortes qui disposent des comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour planifier et coordonner ces op\u00e9rations. <\/strong>C\u2019est pourquoi la Commission europ\u00e9enne doit faire du d\u00e9veloppement des capacit\u00e9s des collectivit\u00e9s locales une priorit\u00e9 de sa vague de r\u00e9novation. Les projets comme par exemple la EU City Facility<\/a> constituent une bonne premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape, mais bien plus doit \u00eatre fait. En accroissant leurs connaissances et niveau de comp\u00e9tence, nous serons enfin en mesure garantir \u00e0 chacun un droit universel \u2013 celui d\u2019\u00eatre bien log\u00e9. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les politiques visant \u00e0 promouvoir la r\u00e9novation des logements se sont souvent heurt\u00e9es au m\u00eame \u00e9cueil par le pass\u00e9 en faisant l\u2019erreur de se focaliser [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":16113,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"hub":[310],"topic":[107],"legislative_initiative":[159],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Adrian Hiel","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/a-hiel\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Rob-van-Esch-shutterstock_214027225-300x75.png","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Rob-van-Esch-shutterstock_214027225.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Adrian 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