{"id":32591,"date":"2020-07-16T12:40:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T10:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=32591"},"modified":"2020-07-16T12:33:36","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T10:33:36","slug":"les-prescriptions-de-la-commission-europeenne-concernant-lhydrogene-et-lintegration-du-systeme-energetique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-prescriptions-de-la-commission-europeenne-concernant-lhydrogene-et-lintegration-du-systeme-energetique\/","title":{"rendered":"Les prescriptions de la Commission europ\u00e9enne concernant l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et l\u2019int\u00e9gration du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La Commission europ\u00e9enne\na pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 deux nouvelles strat\u00e9gies qui vont de pair, l\u2019une en faveur de l\u2019hy<\/a>drog\u00e8ne et l\u2019autre pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration<\/a> du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. La strat\u00e9gie en faveur de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne porte en\neffet sur le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un nouvel outil qui vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019int\u00e9gration\ndu syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (aussi appel\u00e9e int\u00e9gration<\/a> intelligente des\nsecteurs). L\u2019enjeu est de\nd\u00e9cloisonner des secteurs – transports, industrie, gaz et construction \u2013 qui\nont chacun leurs propres cha\u00eene de valeurs, r\u00e8gles, infrastructures, syst\u00e8me de planification et fonctionnement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019objectif\nest que d\u2019ici 2050, l\u2019Europe ait atteint z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette, avec un syst\u00e8me\n\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qui nous permette d\u2019alimenter nos voitures en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 solaire\nproduite par des panneaux sur nos toits, de chauffer notre domicile et notre\nlieu de travail avec la chaleur r\u00e9siduelle d\u2019un site industriel voisin, site\nlui-m\u00eame aliment\u00e9 en hydrog\u00e8ne propre produit par des \u00e9oliennes en mer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une\nvision de r\u00eave, n\u2019est-ce pas ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La\nstrat\u00e9gie d\u2019int\u00e9gration du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique repose sur trois piliers :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. L\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique\u00a0<\/strong>: la Commission europ\u00e9enne devra identifier les cas concrets \u00a0o\u00f9 le principe de primaut\u00e9 de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pourra \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9. Fondamentalement pour les villes, l\u2019accent est mis sur une utilisation plus efficace des \u00e9nergies locales<\/strong> ainsi que sur la valorisation de la chaleur fatale des sites industriels, centres de donn\u00e9es et autres sources de chaleur. La <\/strong>vague de r\u00e9novation<\/strong><\/a> sera au c\u0153ur <\/strong>de ces r\u00e9formes.<\/li>
  2. Plus d\u2019\u00e9lectrification<\/strong>\u00a0: le secteur de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e9tant celui qui concentre le plus d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables, il convient de privil\u00e9gier<\/strong> l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique \u00e0 chaque fois que cela est possible <\/strong>: par exemple pour le fonctionnement des pompes \u00e0 chaleur dans les b\u00e2timents, pour l\u2019alimentation des v\u00e9hicules dans les transports ou des fours dans certaines industries. Parmi les cons\u00e9quences les plus visibles de cette strat\u00e9gie\u00a0: un r\u00e9seau d\u2019un million de bornes de rechargement pour v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, ainsi que le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire et \u00e9olienne.<\/li>
  3. Hydrog\u00e8ne et combustibles \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone\u00a0<\/strong>: pour les secteurs o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00e9lectrification est plus difficile,<\/strong> la strat\u00e9gie propose de promouvoir les carburants propres<\/strong>, dont l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable <\/strong>ainsi que le biogaz et les biocarburants durables. \u00a0La Commission proposera un nouveau syst\u00e8me de classification et de certification des combustibles renouvelables \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone<\/strong>. L\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique\u00a0<\/strong>: la Commission europ\u00e9enne devra identifier les cas concrets \u00a0o\u00f9 le principe de primaut\u00e9 de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pourra \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Les pompes \u00e0 chaleur et le chauffage urbain sont abondamment mentionn\u00e9s en tant que technologies clefs dans les deux documents. La valorisation de la chaleur fatale devrait en effet engendrer une augmentation des demandes de connexion aux r\u00e9seaux de chaleur urbains. Et bien que ce type de chauffage ne fasse pas l\u2019objet d\u2019une disposition en particulier, les investissements dans ce secteur devraient s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Il\nest cependant regrettable que les discussions n\u2019aient pas port\u00e9 sur la  g\u00e9othermie en d\u00e9pit de son potentiel\n\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, notamment en association avec le chauffage urbain. L\u2019\u00e9nergie\nsolaire thermique fait \u00e9galement partie des secteurs oubli\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dans\nl\u2019ensemble, ces deux strat\u00e9gies fortes reprennent bon nombre des propositions\nd\u2019Energy Cities \u2013 notamment en permettant aux villes d\u2019utiliser en priorit\u00e9\nleur potentiel \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique local. La strat\u00e9gie pour l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne affiche\nclairement un objectif de d\u00e9carbonation, mais la proposition d\u2019associer\nhydrog\u00e8ne et CSC (captage et stockage du CO2<\/sub>) \u00e0 titre d\u2019\u00e9tape interm\u00e9diaire\nrisque de prolonger l\u2019utilisation des combustibles fossiles sur le long terme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La\nprincipale source d\u2019inqui\u00e9tude aux yeux d\u2019Energy Cities reste l\u2019Alliance\neurop\u00e9enne pour un hydrog\u00e8ne propre qui regroupe l\u2019industrie des \u00e9nergies\nfossiles, les institutions europ\u00e9ennes et les ministres des Etats membres, mais\nsans participation, en l\u2019\u00e9tat, des collectivit\u00e9s locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Or il est pr\u00e9vu de cr\u00e9er des \u00ab\u00a0vall\u00e9es de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne\u00a0\u00bb – \u00e0 savoir des zones g\u00e9ographiquement localis\u00e9es<\/a>\u00a0qui d\u00e9velopperont une production locale d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e0 partir d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables produites de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e et transport\u00e9e sur de faibles distances pour satisfaire la demande locale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Quelles sont les prochaines \u00e9tapes ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les prochaines\n\u00e9tapes annonc\u00e9es ont de quoi donner le vertige \u2013 et notamment le calendrier des\n18 prochains mois. Strat\u00e9gie pour l\u2019\u00e9olien en mer d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, r\u00e9vision\ndes directives sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (DEE) et les \u00e9nergies renouvelables\n(DER) avant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 prochain et r\u00e9vision de la Directive sur la taxation de\nl\u2019\u00e9nergie et des r\u00e8gles relatives aux aides d\u2019Etat, pour ne citer que\nquelques-unes des \u00e9tapes annonc\u00e9es. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La raison\nprincipale de la r\u00e9vision de la DEE et la DER est de les aligner sur les\nobjectifs, plus ambitieux, d\u00e9finis pour 2030. Mais cette r\u00e9vision serait\n\u00e9galement une excellente opportunit\u00e9 de rompre avec les habitudes de\nconsommation en y int\u00e9grant des objectifs de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans une\noptique de forte r\u00e9duction de la demande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nous surveillons\n\u00e9galement de pr\u00e8s un autre dossier d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les villes, \u00e0 savoir le\nfinancement, \u00e0 compter de l\u2019an prochain, de projets phares de p\u00f4les industriels\nint\u00e9gr\u00e9s, neutres en carbone, produisant et consommant des combustibles\nrenouvelables \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone dans le cadre des programmes Horizon Europe, InvestEU et LIFE et du Fonds\neurop\u00e9en de d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9gional (FEDER). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La Commission europ\u00e9enne a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 deux nouvelles strat\u00e9gies qui vont de pair, l\u2019une en faveur de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et l\u2019autre pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. La [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":16461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"hub":[310],"topic":[22,101,112],"legislative_initiative":[159,178,182],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Adrian Hiel","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/a-hiel\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/district-heating-martin-adams-unsplash-350x233.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/district-heating-martin-adams-unsplash-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Adrian Hiel","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/a-hiel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nLes prescriptions de la Commission europ\u00e9enne concernant l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et l\u2019int\u00e9gration du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-prescriptions-de-la-commission-europeenne-concernant-lhydrogene-et-lintegration-du-systeme-energetique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les prescriptions de la Commission europ\u00e9enne concernant l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et l\u2019int\u00e9gration du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La Commission europ\u00e9enne a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 deux nouvelles strat\u00e9gies qui vont de pair, l\u2019une en faveur de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et l\u2019autre pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. 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