{"id":40146,"date":"2021-06-09T07:55:49","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T05:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=40146"},"modified":"2021-09-15T11:21:42","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T09:21:42","slug":"comprendre-planifier-et-combattre-les-ilots-de-chaleurs-urbains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/comprendre-planifier-et-combattre-les-ilots-de-chaleurs-urbains\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprendre, planifier et combattre les \u00eelots de chaleurs urbains"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9\napproche (doucement) et nous nous souvenons toutes et tous des fortes\ntemp\u00e9ratures que nous avons subies les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Energy Cities, nous avons test\u00e9 plusieurs solutions : courant d\u2019air, obscurit\u00e9, ventilateur avec serviette mouill\u00e9e devant, pieds dans une bassine \u2026 c\u2019\u00e9tait dur, seul r\u00e9confort du t\u00e9l\u00e9travail \u00e0 la campagne, l\u2019ombre des arbres du jardin ou la fraicheur d\u2019une vieille maison… Mais pour les coll\u00e8gues en ville ? Quelles solutions pour rafraichir les logements, les places surchauff\u00e9es o\u00f9 la chaleur est emmagasin\u00e9e toute la journ\u00e9e ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A l’\u00e9chelle sup\u00e9rieure, les villes europ\u00e9ennes sont elles aussi confront\u00e9es \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, certaines mettent en place des actions pour \u00e9viter les \u00eelots de chaleur et faire baisser la temp\u00e9rature intramuros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 million d’arbres \u00e0 Bordeaux<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bordeaux\nm\u00e9tropole a souhait\u00e9 comprendre ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes avant d\u2019\u00e9laborer un plan\nd\u2019action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La\nr\u00e9alisation d\u2019une \u00e9tude a permis d\u2019identifier ces \u00eelots de chaleur et de\npr\u00e9coniser des am\u00e9nagements. 34 fiches actions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es elles portent\nsur l\u2019am\u00e9nagement, la place de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et de l\u2019eau en ville ainsi que sur\nl\u2019architecture.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour compl\u00e9ter ces mesures, la m\u00e9tropole a r\u00e9cemment lanc\u00e9 une vaste op\u00e9ration de v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation<\/a> de son territoire qui lui permettra de passer dans les prochaines ann\u00e9es d\u2019une ville tr\u00e8s min\u00e9rale \u00e0 une ville plus v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et plus agr\u00e9able \u00e0 vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Pieter de Malsche <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Plan strat\u00e9gique \u00e0 Vienne<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

La ville de Vienne en Autriche, en collaboration avec des experts scientifiques et les services de la ville, a \u00e9labor\u00e9 un plan strat\u00e9gique ICU<\/a> (Ilots de chaleurs urbains) qui d\u00e9taille les diff\u00e9rentes possibilit\u00e9s de refroidissement des \u00eelots de chaleurs en ville. Un grand nombre des mesures d\u00e9crites dans le plan strat\u00e9gique ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en \u0153uvre pour atteindre l\u2019objectif de rendre la ville encore plus vivable face aux cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a\nnotamment mis en place des infrastructures vertes pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019effet \u00eelot de\nchaleur. Des corridors verts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 planifi\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la ville pour\naugmenter les interactions entre les espaces verts, accroitre la ventilation et\nainsi rafraichir l\u2019air. Les b\u00e2timents sont concern\u00e9s par ces mesures, les fa\u00e7ades,\nles toits sont concern\u00e9s par un plan de v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces mesures am\u00e9liorent la production et la distribution d’air frais. La connexion des zones de refroidissement au centre-ville dense, en particulier via des r\u00e9seaux align\u00e9s sur les vents dominants, favorise la ventilation du centre-ville. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Marco Verch<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Cartographie des \u00eelots \u00e0 Bruxelles<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bruxelles\na r\u00e9cemment command\u00e9 une \u00e9tude pour visualiser les ilots de chaleur et de\nfraicheur sur son territoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette cartographie<\/a>, en ligne sur son site, permet aux habitant d\u2019identifier rapidement les zones de fraicheur \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier lors des fortes chaleurs. Elle met \u00e9galement en \u00e9vidence les \u00eelots de chaleur, o\u00f9 des actions concr\u00e8tes peuvent \u00eatre mise en \u0153uvre prioritairement. Cette \u00e9tude montre encore l\u2019importance des espaces verts en milieu urbain. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, la ville a lanc\u00e9 le plan canop\u00e9e, un plan de v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation du territoire qui sur 10 ans (202-2030) permettra de diversifier les esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales, de faire naitre des for\u00eats urbaines. Ce plan favorisera le rafraichissement et la purification de l\u2019air et \u00e9galement la pr\u00e9servation de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Cartographie – Environnement Bruxelles<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 approche (doucement) et nous nous souvenons toutes et tous des fortes temp\u00e9ratures que nous avons subies les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes. A Energy Cities, nous avons [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":40160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[],"topic":[110,112],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Beatrice Karas","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/b-karas\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/arnaud-mesureur-7EqQ1s3wIAI-unsplash-350x233.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/arnaud-mesureur-7EqQ1s3wIAI-unsplash-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Beatrice Karas","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/b-karas\/"},"yoast_head":"\nComprendre, planifier et combattre les \u00eelots de chaleurs urbains - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/comprendre-planifier-et-combattre-les-ilots-de-chaleurs-urbains\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comprendre, planifier et combattre les \u00eelots de chaleurs urbains - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 approche (doucement) et nous nous souvenons toutes et tous des fortes temp\u00e9ratures que nous avons subies les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes. 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