{"id":40634,"date":"2021-07-08T09:09:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T07:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=40634"},"modified":"2021-07-19T08:55:33","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T06:55:33","slug":"la-rehabilitation-du-parc-de-logements-sera-publique-privee-ou-ne-sera-pas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/la-rehabilitation-du-parc-de-logements-sera-publique-privee-ou-ne-sera-pas\/","title":{"rendered":"La r\u00e9habilitation du parc de logements sera publique\/priv\u00e9e ou ne sera pas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Force est de constater que le\nparc immobilier, notamment les logements, n\u00e9cessite des changements structurels\nen termes d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9co-efficacit\u00e9. En Europe, beaucoup\nde ces b\u00e2timents datent d\u2019avant 1980. Ils ne r\u00e9pondent pas aux conditions d\u2019habitabilit\u00e9\nappropri\u00e9es, fond\u00e9es sur les normes et les besoins de la vie moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sant\u00e9, la qualit\u00e9 de vie et la\nn\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server les conditions de la plan\u00e8te, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire son habitat,\nexigent des actions rapides, intelligentes et r\u00e9alisables. Ces actions doivent\n\u00e9galement avoir un caract\u00e8re universel. Or, c\u2019est l\u00e0 que r\u00e9side l\u2019un des\ninconv\u00e9nients de cette approche, \u00e0 savoir la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de\nnombreuses familles. La r\u00e9habilitation ne peut \u00eatre dissoci\u00e9e du reste. Les\nprogrammes doivent \u00eatre entrepris au niveau des quartiers ou des zones urbaines\nsp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le concept de subventions et d\u2019aides\nn\u2019est plus pertinent. Les ressources publiques ne doivent pas et ne peuvent pas\nsupporter le co\u00fbt des actions \u00e0 mener. Plus que jamais, la collaboration\npublic-priv\u00e9 est essentielle. Une collaboration largement d\u00e9battue dans le\npass\u00e9, mais qui ne s\u2019est pas encore concr\u00e9tis\u00e9e. Le secteur public se m\u00e9fie des\nint\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques du secteur priv\u00e9\u2009; et r\u00e9ciproquement, le secteur priv\u00e9 se\nm\u00e9fie de l\u2019inefficacit\u00e9 souvent \u00e9voqu\u00e9e du secteur public. Ces r\u00e9ticences\ndoivent \u00eatre surmont\u00e9es au plus vite, en assumant le r\u00f4le qui correspond \u00e0 chaque\nacteur impliqu\u00e9. Il s\u2019agit \u00e9galement de changer les r\u00e8gles qui permettent et\nl\u00e9gitiment cette collaboration si n\u00e9cessaire et si propice \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de\nl\u2019objectif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les propositions d\u2019aide europ\u00e9enne<\/a> ne permettent pas, en raison de leur faible montant, des interventions de r\u00e9habilitation de grande ampleur. La proposition de r\u00e9habilitation en Espagne doit passer de 25K \u20ac par an \u00e0 150K \u20ac, sur la base de r\u00e9formes efficaces. Cette augmentation ne peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec une approche de type \u00ab\u2009business as usual\u2009\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en suivant les canaux habituels. Un changement de paradigme est essentiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certes, les pays europ\u00e9ens, et notamment ceux du sud, recevront \u00e0 plus ou moins br\u00e8ve \u00e9ch\u00e9ance les fonds europ\u00e9ens tant attendus pour la relance \u00e9conomique post-pand\u00e9mique (Next Generation). Il n\u2019en reste pas moins vrai pour autant que ces ressources ont un caract\u00e8re temporaire alors que le besoin auquel nous sommes confront\u00e9s est structurel, conceptuel et culturel. Il convient de conserver ces ressources \u00e0 long terme si l\u2019on veut parvenir \u00e0 une r\u00e9habilitation vaste, s\u00fbre, universelle et durable dans le temps. Qui plus est, on ignore comment ces fonds publics seront attribu\u00e9s, qui les distribuera et \u00e0 quelles fins ils seront utilis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des exp\u00e9riences initi\u00e9es dans\ndiff\u00e9rents territoires en Espagne, dont certaines sont soutenues par la\nCommission europ\u00e9enne, m\u00e9ritent d\u2019\u00eatre mentionn\u00e9es : EuroPace\/\u00ab\u2009HolaDomus\u2009\u00bb\ndans la ville d\u2019Olot (Catalogne), \u00ab\u2009Open Gela\u2009\u00bb en Euskadi, \u00ab\u2009Regenerate\u2009\u00bb \u00e0\nMenorca (Bal\u00e9ares) et \u00ab\u2009PACE\u2009\u00bb \u00e0 Madrid, entre autres. Ces programmes visent \u00e0\npromouvoir la r\u00e9habilitation \u00e9co-efficace par le biais d\u2019une collaboration\npublic-priv\u00e9, avec un financement abordable et en tenant compte des\ncirconstances sociales (vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique). La situation r\u00e9glementaire\nactuelle ne favorise pas son d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le \u00ab\u2009superbonus\u2009\u00bb italien\nillustre parfaitement la situation en mati\u00e8re de fiscalit\u00e9 et de cession de\ncr\u00e9dits \u00e0 des tiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les administrations publiques,\nsurtout locales, doivent \u00eatre garantes des proc\u00e9dures. Elles doivent prioriser\nles actions inscrites dans leur tissu urbain, peuvent accompagner les actions \u00e0\nd\u00e9velopper et doivent faciliter les proc\u00e9dures bureaucratiques (licences,\npermis\u2026). En aucun cas, elles ne peuvent assumer la responsabilit\u00e9 juridique,\n\u00e9conomique et financi\u00e8re des programmes, et encore moins les d\u00e9velopper de\nmani\u00e8re int\u00e9grale, sans oublier, logiquement, que la responsabilit\u00e9 de la\nplanification urbaine et de son d\u00e9veloppement est publique. L\u2019Administration\nlocale a la possibilit\u00e9 de chercher \u00e0 collaborer avec d\u2019autres acteurs incontournables :\nRegistres fonciers, notaires, Chambres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 urbaine\u2026 Ils peuvent\n\u00e9galement, en fonction de leurs possibilit\u00e9s budg\u00e9taires, ouvrir des voies\nd\u2019aide pour les appels d\u2019offres, notamment pour les situations de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9\n\u00e9conomique, \u00e9tablir des abattements fiscaux dans leurs imp\u00f4ts, adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 la\nl\u00e9gislation en vigueur, et m\u00eame participer \u00e0 des fonds de garantie sociale qui\nfacilitent l\u2019acc\u00e8s des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires \u00e0 des financements priv\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des occasions d\u2019adaptation l\u00e9gislative ont \u00e9t\u00e9 manqu\u00e9es, comme, tout r\u00e9cemment, celle de la r\u00e9daction de la loi 7\/2021, du 20 mai, sur le changement climatique et la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (LCCTE). L\u2019article 8 de la loi sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et la r\u00e9habilitation des b\u00e2timents aurait pu proposer un texte plus audacieux, plus propice et plus avant-gardiste. En fait, un amendement port\u00e9 par les programmes \u00ab\u2009PACE\u2009\u00bb et \u00ab\u2009EuroPACE<\/a>\u2009\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9battu. Il proposait d\u2019importantes modifications r\u00e9glementaires pour parvenir \u00e0 une position plus active et plus garante des organismes publics locaux : ledit amendement PACE (consid\u00e9ration des contributions financi\u00e8res priv\u00e9es des programmes comme des avantages publics non fiscaux) et donc avec la prise en compte des recettes publiques avec toutes les pr\u00e9rogatives que cela implique.<\/strong> Cet amendement proposait \u00e9galement des modifications de l\u2019article 78 de la loi fiscale g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (constitution de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8que l\u00e9gale tacite) et de l\u2019article 74.5 du texte consolid\u00e9 de la loi r\u00e9gissant les finances locales (extension du remboursement jusqu\u2019\u00e0 50 % du montant total de l\u2019imp\u00f4t foncier pour la mise en \u0153uvre de mesures \u00e9co-efficaces dans les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les techniciens et les\nuniversitaires de diff\u00e9rents horizons qui ont travaill\u00e9 et continuent de le\nfaire dans ce domaine poursuivront leurs efforts pour faire avancer et\nl\u00e9gitimer l\u2019amendement propos\u00e9. En effet, l\u2019article 8.4 de la loi sur le\nchangement climatique et la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (Ley de Cambio Clim\u00e1tico y\nTransici\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica, LCCTE) \u00e9tablit un d\u00e9lai de moins de 6 mois pour que\nle gouvernement \u00e9labore un Plan de r\u00e9habilitation de l\u2019habitat et de\nrenouvellement urbain, ce qui pourrait \u00eatre l\u2019occasion d\u2019introduire les\nconcepts envisag\u00e9s dans l\u2019amendement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9bat sur les changements\nr\u00e9glementaires pourrait \u00eatre \u00e9tendu \u00e0 la loi horizontale sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9\n(communaut\u00e9s de propri\u00e9taires), \u00e0 la loi g\u00e9n\u00e9rale sur les hypoth\u00e8ques\n(pr\u00e9rogative d\u2019enregistrement des quotas \u00ab\u2009PACE\u2009\u00bb), \u00e0 la loi sur la TVA (taux\nr\u00e9duits dans les actions de r\u00e9habilitation \u00e9co-efficaces), \u00e0 la loi sur l\u2019imp\u00f4t\nsur le revenu des personnes physiques et sur l\u2019imp\u00f4t sur les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s\n(d\u00e9ductions fiscales), entre autres. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques qui\nse forment pourraient aussi jouer leur r\u00f4le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De nombreux facteurs convergent pour que nous ne manquions pas l\u2019occasion de l\u00e9gitimer d\u00e9finitivement la collaboration public-priv\u00e9 et de faciliter le financement de la r\u00e9habilitation du parc immobilier selon des crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9co-efficacit\u00e9 et d\u2019universalit\u00e9, avec une attention particuli\u00e8re aux situations de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Force est de constater que le parc immobilier, notamment les logements, n\u00e9cessite des changements structurels en termes d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9co-efficacit\u00e9. En Europe, beaucoup [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":40630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4,91],"tags":[],"hub":[308],"topic":[22],"legislative_initiative":[185],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Sara Giovannini","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/s-giovannini\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dan-gold-a-jdliinNis-unsplash-350x233.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/dan-gold-a-jdliinNis-unsplash.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Sara Giovannini","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/s-giovannini\/"},"yoast_head":"\nLa r\u00e9habilitation du parc de logements sera publique\/priv\u00e9e ou ne sera pas - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/la-rehabilitation-du-parc-de-logements-sera-publique-privee-ou-ne-sera-pas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La r\u00e9habilitation du parc de logements sera publique\/priv\u00e9e ou ne sera pas - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Force est de constater que le parc immobilier, notamment les logements, n\u00e9cessite des changements structurels en termes d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9co-efficacit\u00e9. 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