{"id":42727,"date":"2021-10-04T05:11:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-04T03:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=42727"},"modified":"2021-10-29T12:07:03","modified_gmt":"2021-10-29T10:07:03","slug":"briser-lengrenage-de-la-precarite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/briser-lengrenage-de-la-precarite\/","title":{"rendered":"Briser l\u2019engrenage de la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Alors que la part de la population en situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ne cesse d\u2019augmenter \u2013 et ce d\u2019autant plus vite depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise de la COVID-19 \u2013 des solutions concr\u00e8tes sont n\u00e9cessaires pour aider ces personnes \u00e0 sortir de cette impasse. Au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019accompagnement individuel, c\u2019est \u00e0 la racine du mal qu\u2019il faut s\u2019attaquer. Car la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ne se limite pas \u00e0 l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de payer ses factures. D\u2019un point de vue politique, <\/strong>une approche holistique, associant politiques sociale, environnementale, de sant\u00e9 et de logement, est n\u00e9cessaire<\/strong><\/a>. Des r\u00e8glements europ\u00e9ens contraignants imposent aux Etats membres de mesurer la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et de prendre des mesures pour y rem\u00e9dier. Mais seuls quelques pays ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une strat\u00e9gie nationale assortie d\u2019objectifs clairs en la mati\u00e8re dans leur PNEC.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les collectivit\u00e9s locales, qui sont les plus proches des citoyens en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et des publics les plus vuln\u00e9rables en particulier, sont  les mieux plac\u00e9es pour saisir la complexit\u00e9 de la  pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sur le terrain. A l\u2019instar des plans climat<\/a> ou pour la transition<\/a>, des strat\u00e9gies locales de lutte contre la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre et s\u2019av\u00e8rent parfois plus ambitieuses que les strat\u00e9gies nationales (voir quelques exemples ici).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment aider ceux dans le besoin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape consiste \u00e0 identifier<\/strong> les caract\u00e9ristiques et l\u2019\u00e9tendue de la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans votre ville. Il existe des indicateurs officiels et une premi\u00e8re collecte de donn\u00e9es vous permettra d\u2019avoir un aper\u00e7u de la situation au niveau local. Ensuite, il peut \u00eatre int\u00e9ressant de cr\u00e9er un groupe de travail<\/strong> rassemblant divers acteurs (travailleurs sociaux, associations, collectifs, etc.) ainsi que des citoyens concern\u00e9s par le probl\u00e8me pour co-construire une strat\u00e9gie. Car les personnes en situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sont des experts en la mati\u00e8re ! Vous pouvez \u00e9galement faire appel \u00e0 leur exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue, en les faisant parler de leurs probl\u00e8mes et de leurs mani\u00e8res d\u2019y faire face dans le cadre d\u2019entretiens semi-dirig\u00e9s avec des chercheurs. Cette auto-\u00e9valuation qualitative de la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique peut aider \u00e0 affiner les objectifs, ainsi que les mesures prises pour y rem\u00e9dier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaque ville est unique et il n\u2019existe pas de strat\u00e9gie universelle capable de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 toutes les situations. Les mesures mises en place sont vari\u00e9es et incluent des politiques d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, comme le subventionnement de travaux de r\u00e9novation et l\u2019installation d\u2019appareils de chauffage plus performants, l\u2019\u00e9ducation aux \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie, une aide financi\u00e8re pour payer les factures, des tarifs sociaux, l\u2019interdiction d\u2019interrompre la fourniture d\u2019\u00e9nergie ou encore le soutien \u00e0 l\u2019auto-consommation ou au d\u00e9veloppement de communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que certaines politiques ne peuvent \u00eatre mises en place qu\u2019au niveau national, beaucoup peuvent \u00eatre men\u00e9es localement avec de bons r\u00e9sultats :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Les mesures de r\u00e9novation<\/strong> et d\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ciblant en priorit\u00e9 les m\u00e9nages les plus vuln\u00e9rables doivent \u00eatre au c\u0153ur des pr\u00e9occupations. En particulier lorsque la personne en situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est propri\u00e9taire de son logement.  Des exemples tels que le projet Aster<\/a> en Flandre ou People Powered Retrofit<\/a> \u00e0 Manchester montrent que des acteurs r\u00e9gionaux et locaux (\u00e0 savoir des organismes r\u00e9gionaux de logements sociaux pour le premier projet et des ONG pour le second) peuvent s’associer \u00e0 des institutions nationales ou europ\u00e9ennes pour financer avec succ\u00e8s des travaux de r\u00e9novation. L\u2019ensemble des citoyens et les acteurs du march\u00e9 engag\u00e9s dans une d\u00e9marche \u00e0 vocation sociale devraient \u00e9galement pouvoir participer \u00e0 la conception des quartiers \u00e0 \u00e9nergie positive,<\/strong> afin d’\u00e9viter la gentrification et permettre aux plus vuln\u00e9rables de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une production locale d’\u00e9nergie et de mesures d’am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Les audits \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et les conseils en \u00e9nergie <\/strong>sont \u00e9galement essentiels pour all\u00e9ger les lourdes factures d’\u00e9nergie et am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie. Les conseillers en \u00e9nergie, qui travaillent en \u00e9troite collaboration avec les m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables, peuvent appr\u00e9hender leur situation sous un angle multidimensionnel (social, \u00e9conomique, sanitaire…). Que leurs activit\u00e9s portent sur le comportement des m\u00e9nages, les appareils \u00e9lectrom\u00e9nagers, l’isolation, ou encore le choix des fournisseurs d’\u00e9nergie, les r\u00e9sultats peuvent \u00eatre imm\u00e9diats et significatifs. C’est le cas par exemple de l’Office de l’\u00e9nergie de la ville de Valencia, o\u00f9 les interventions des conseillers \u00e9nergie ont permis de r\u00e9aliser jusqu’\u00e0 500 \u20ac d’\u00e9conomie sur un an, ou encore du fonds d\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 Caritas-Verbund<\/a> de Francfort, ou du programme SLIME<\/a> en France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Les r\u00e9seaux de chauffage et de refroidissement urbains<\/strong> sont une solution efficace pour fournir un confort thermique abordable et \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone aux m\u00e9nages. Energy Cities fait partie du projet HeatNet<\/a>, dont le guide \u00e0 destination des collectivit\u00e9s locales<\/a> vise \u00e0 donner, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, des conseils techniques et financiers, ainsi que des recommandations politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Les villes sont \u00e9galement les mieux plac\u00e9es pour soutenir les communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques locales<\/strong><\/a>. <\/strong>Ces communaut\u00e9s peuvent soit utiliser leurs revenus pour lutter contre la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique soit aider directement les populations les plus vuln\u00e9rables en leur permettant de devenir producteurs d’\u00e9nergies renouvelables. Les municipalit\u00e9s ont \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer dans la promotion des acteurs locaux de l’\u00e9nergie engag\u00e9s dans une d\u00e9marche \u00e0 vocation sociale. Le projet POWER UP<\/a>, par exemple, entend d\u00e9velopper des projets pilotes, co-cr\u00e9\u00e9s avec des m\u00e9nages en situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, afin de fournir de l’\u00e9nergie produite localement ainsi que des services en mati\u00e8re d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Enfin, m\u00eame s\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire de s\u2019attaquer aux facteurs structurels de la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, un soutien financier direct aux m\u00e9nages les plus vuln\u00e9rables<\/strong> reste vital pour ne pas les obliger \u00e0 devoir choisir entre \u00ab manger \u00bb ou \u00ab se chauffer \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u2019en est-il du financement de ces initiatives ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il existe de  nombreux instruments europ\u00e9ens. Certains d’entre eux ne sont disponibles que dans le cadre de programmes de financement nationaux, comme la Facilit\u00e9 pour la reprise et la r\u00e9silience. Pour leurs actions pilotes, les villes et autres organismes locaux peuvent s’adresser directement aux programmes et instruments financ\u00e9s par l’UE, tels que les programmes LIFE ou Horizon Europe. Les concepts d’investissement peuvent recevoir le soutien de la facilit\u00e9 EU City ou du programme ELENA. Le dernier guide d’Energy Cities sur les opportunit\u00e9s de financement<\/a> de l\u2019action climatique peut \u00e9galement r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 vos doutes et questions concernant les mesures de lutte contre la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Les programmes et les conditions de candidature \u00e9voluent rapidement. Nous vous tiendrons inform\u00e9s des nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s d\u00e8s qu’elles se pr\u00e9senteront.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alors que la part de la population en situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ne cesse d\u2019augmenter \u2013 et ce d\u2019autant plus vite depuis le d\u00e9but de [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":42251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[308,306,309],"topic":[22,101,102,108,113],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Miriam Eisermann","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/m-eisermann\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/chaitanya-tvs-1Kqc8ymfMKY-unsplash.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/chaitanya-tvs-1Kqc8ymfMKY-unsplash.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Miriam 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