{"id":48205,"date":"2022-04-14T09:31:17","date_gmt":"2022-04-14T07:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=48205"},"modified":"2022-04-14T09:31:19","modified_gmt":"2022-04-14T07:31:19","slug":"comment-developper-les-quartiers-a-energie-positive-en-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/comment-developper-les-quartiers-a-energie-positive-en-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment d\u00e9velopper les Quartiers \u00e0 Energie Positive en Europe\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dans le cadre de Cities4PEDs<\/a>, un projet de recherche de deux ans, financ\u00e9 par JPI Urban Europe<\/a>, nous avons organis\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de midi-conf\u00e9rences sur l’\u00e9nergie dans le but d’apprendre et d’approfondir des questions sp\u00e9cifiques et pertinentes pour \u00e9tudier les aspects et les strat\u00e9gies de mise en \u0153uvre des quartiers \u00e0 \u00e9nergie positive (QEP). Le projet a apport\u00e9 des t\u00e9moignages de pratiques innovantes qui existent d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans toute l’Europe et a ouvert une conversation sur les d\u00e9fis communs possibles et les strat\u00e9gies en place pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la transformation urbaine vers des QEP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les QEP sont des quartiers urbains qui produisent plus d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable qu’ils n’en consomment<\/strong>. \u00c0 l’heure o\u00f9 les villes europ\u00e9ennes tentent de se d\u00e9barrasser des combustibles fossiles, la mise en \u0153uvre des QEP semble attrayante. Mais comment y parvenir ? Voici les le\u00e7ons des villes de Bruxelles, Delft, Lille, Lyon, Stockholm, Valence et Vienne, apprises lors de ce premier cycle d’\u00e9changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9ploiement des QEP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques peuvent donner du pouvoir aux citoyen\u00b7ne\u00b7s, favoriser la coh\u00e9sion sociale et aider \u00e0 (re)construire la confiance entre les citoyen\u00b7ne\u00b7s et les collectivit\u00e9s locales. D\u2019apr\u00e8s Etienne Vignali, de Lyon, le partage de l’\u00e9nergie au niveau du quartier via les communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques permet de maximiser l’autoconsommation et \u00e9vite d’investir dans des technologies de stockage co\u00fbteuses, tout en sensibilisant \u00e0 l’importance de l’\u00e9nergie. En incluant les m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables, comme le fait City Mine(d) \u00e0 Bruxelles, les communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques pourraient \u00e9galement \u00eatre un moyen de soutenir une transition juste, en utilisant la question \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique comme une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 des besoins et des questions locales plus larges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour que les communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques se r\u00e9pandent, il est essentiel de bien comprendre les diff\u00e9rents groupes cibles et de simplifier les actions n\u00e9cessaires de leur part. En outre, les actions collectives, telles que les campagnes de sensibilisation au niveau du quartier, les achats group\u00e9s et la r\u00e9novation collective, permettent \u00e9galement de d\u00e9velopper davantage de communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, favorisant ainsi la responsabilisation et l’autonomie locales. Dans tous les cas, le soutien des collectivit\u00e9s locales est essentiel pour \u00e9tablir le cadre de collaboration des acteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s locaux\u00b7ales et gagner la confiance des citoyen\u00b7ne\u00b7s. La ville de Valence a plac\u00e9 les communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques au centre de sa strat\u00e9gie \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, visant \u00e0 atteindre 100 communaut\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques d’ici 2030 !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une planification urbaine et d’une transformation du secteur de la construction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu’ils n\u00e9cessitent souvent un important travail de cartographie des b\u00e2timents et des ressources existants, les instruments de planification urbaine tels que la r\u00e9glementation de la production d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable ou des syst\u00e8mes de chauffage peuvent stimuler le d\u00e9veloppement des QEP. En effet, la d\u00e9finition de diff\u00e9rentes zones dans les plans d’urbanisme permet de proposer des solutions diff\u00e9rentes ou de fixer des exigences adapt\u00e9es aux sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de chaque quartier. N\u00e9anmoins, la mise en place d’obligations diverses, telles que le raccordement aux syst\u00e8mes de chauffage urbain ou le passage \u00e0 des appareils de chauffage \u00e0 base d’\u00e9nergies renouvelables, doit s’accompagner d’une communication forte \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des urbanistes et des citoyen\u00b7ne\u00b7s pour les guider dans ce virage d\u00e9cisif. Dans cette optique, la ville de Vienne a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une plateforme de services pour guider les habitant\u00b7e\u00b7s, en r\u00e9pertoriant (entre autres) les entreprises de confiance avec lesquelles collaborer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, pour r\u00e9aliser des QEP, une transformation du secteur de la construction est n\u00e9cessaire. La municipalit\u00e9 de Lille l’a compris et a donc initi\u00e9 un processus de co-cr\u00e9ation avec les d\u00e9veloppeur\u00b7se\u00b7s et designers locaux\u00b7ales, pour constituer ensemble la base collective du Pacte bas carbone. Un autre probl\u00e8me est que, trop souvent, les promoteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s immobilier\u00b7e\u00b7s passent \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des objectifs qu’ils devaient atteindre : les r\u00e9sultats de la consommation d’\u00e9nergie des b\u00e2timents peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9s au plus t\u00f4t un ou deux ans apr\u00e8s que les nouveaux propri\u00e9taires vivent dans le b\u00e2timent, et les promoteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s ne sont alors plus l\u00e9galement responsables. Pour rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 cette situation, Stockholm a mis au point un programme ambitieux et obligatoire de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s des promoteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s, afin de les pousser \u00e0 atteindre des r\u00e9sultats plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Tou\u00b7te\u00b7s les promoteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s auxquel\u00b7le\u00b7s des terrains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendus dans le quartier royal du port maritime sont tenus de partager leurs approches et de surveiller leurs r\u00e9sultats. La ville publie \u00e9galement les r\u00e9sultats des performances des b\u00e2timents pour les encourager : le suivi des r\u00e9sultats et l’analyse des raisons des \u00e9checs sont essentiels pour am\u00e9liorer les r\u00e9sultats !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ville de Delft a, quant \u00e0 elle, mis au point une s\u00e9rie de mesures allant d’une campagne de communication continue, \u00e0 l’investissement dans ses propres biens immobiliers, en passant par la subvention des entreprises et la fixation de r\u00e9sultats clairs pour les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de logement social. Il convient de noter que si, pour les quartiers nouvellement construits, il est possible de reconna\u00eetre de nombreuses strat\u00e9gies visant \u00e0 transf\u00e9rer des ambitions \u00e9lev\u00e9es aux promoteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s, dans les quartiers existants, des exp\u00e9rimentations doivent encore \u00eatre mises en \u0153uvre pour mieux comprendre les leviers qui doivent \u00eatre actionn\u00e9s afin d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer et de constituer diff\u00e9rents types de syst\u00e8mes de soutien \u00e0 la r\u00e9novation de notre environnement b\u00e2ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des ressources humaines d\u00e9di\u00e9es et qualifi\u00e9es comme condition pr\u00e9alable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9carboner les b\u00e2timents, mettre en place des strat\u00e9gies de transformation des quartiers et multiplier les QEP dans les villes est un marathon, qui ne pourra \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une strat\u00e9gie \u00e0 plusieurs volets couvrant l’engagement des citoyen\u00b7ne\u00b7s, la r\u00e9novation collective, les instruments de planification urbaine, l’activation des promoteur\u00b7rice\u00b7s immobilier\u00b7e\u00b7s et l’organisation sp\u00e9cifique des collectivit\u00e9s locales. Mais surtout, il faut des ressources humaines comp\u00e9tentes et nombreuses dans les administrations municipales sur le long terme pour conduire les strat\u00e9gies, d\u00e9clencher les projets, motiver les parties prenantes et soutenir les citoyen\u00b7ne\u00b7s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme le dit Etienne Vignali de Lyon Confluence, \u00ab\u00a0le plus important ce n’est pas le statut juridique et le mod\u00e8le de gouvernance choisie, mais les personnes d\u00e9vou\u00e9es qui travaillent \u00e0 la d\u00e9carbonation de nos quartiers\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous avez rat\u00e9 notre s\u00e9rie de midi-conf\u00e9rences sur l’\u00e9nergie ? Pour en savoir plus sur les diff\u00e9rentes sessions et (re)voir les enregistrements des webinaires, cliquez <\/em><\/strong>ici<\/em><\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans le cadre de Cities4PEDs, un projet de recherche de deux ans, financ\u00e9 par JPI Urban Europe, nous avons organis\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de midi-conf\u00e9rences sur [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":45793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[308,306],"topic":[22,110],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Marie Royer","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/m-royer\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/travelnow-or-crylater-7b0EXl2NaE8-unsplash-350x233.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/travelnow-or-crylater-7b0EXl2NaE8-unsplash-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Marie 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