{"id":57144,"date":"2022-11-08T17:49:38","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T16:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=57144"},"modified":"2022-11-08T17:49:42","modified_gmt":"2022-11-08T16:49:42","slug":"quelle-recette-magique-pour-proposer-des-services-publics-sobres-et-de-qualite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/quelle-recette-magique-pour-proposer-des-services-publics-sobres-et-de-qualite\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle recette magique pour proposer des services publics sobres et de qualit\u00e9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Lors d\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e9nement organis\u00e9 par Energy Cities et Grenoble Alpes M\u00e9tropole le 18 octobre, dans le cadre des programmes de nos hubs <\/em>Villes z\u00e9ro carbone<\/em><\/a> et <\/em>\u00c9conomies justes<\/em><\/a>, des repr\u00e9sentant\u00b7es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale ont partag\u00e9 leur point de vue sur la r\u00e9duction de la demande \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et ce que cela repr\u00e9sente pour le plan du r\u00e9seau<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le concept de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 remet en question la fa\u00e7on dont les municipalit\u00e9s con\u00e7oivent et proposent les services publics \u00e0 leurs habitant\u00b7es. La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 peut \u00eatre d\u00e9finie comme un ensemble de mesures et de politiques ayant pour but de r\u00e9duire structurellement et ainsi d\u2019\u00e9viter la demande \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, mat\u00e9rielle, des sols et d\u2019eau, tout en contribuant au bien-\u00eatre de tout un chacun dans les limites de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Repenser la mani\u00e8re dont nous utilisons les b\u00e2timents : la cl\u00e9 pour r\u00e9duire notre consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est temps de poser les bonnes questions et de se pencher sur les besoins essentiels pour r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans les b\u00e2timents, surtout dans les b\u00e2timents municipaux. C\u2019est ce que la ville de Lyon a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de faire en d\u00e9finissant une temp\u00e9rature de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de 18 \u00b0C pour tous les b\u00e2timents poss\u00e9d\u00e9s par la ville, y compris ceux g\u00e9r\u00e9s par des tiers, comme les cin\u00e9mas. Sylvain Godinot, adjoint au maire de Lyon<\/strong> responsable de la transition \u00e9cologique et du patrimoine, souligne qu\u2019il est essentiel de montrer que tout le monde doit fournir les m\u00eames efforts. D\u00e9finir la temp\u00e9rature de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 un degr\u00e9 de moins que les 19 \u00b0C demand\u00e9s par la loi fran\u00e7aise permettra de ne pas fermer les services publics, tout en att\u00e9nuant l\u2019impact sur le budget municipal des prix tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9nergie. La ville de Lyon pr\u00e9voit cependant quelques exceptions : dans les cr\u00e8ches et les biblioth\u00e8ques notamment, il sera possible d\u2019adapter la temp\u00e9rature pour le bien-\u00eatre des enfants et \u00e9tudiant\u00b7es qui les fr\u00e9quentent et n\u2019ont pas forc\u00e9ment les moyens de chauffer leur domicile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xavier Figari travaille \u00e0 l\u2019Agence locale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et du climat de la grande r\u00e9gion grenobloise<\/strong> pour aider les municipalit\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper leur plan de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9. Il affirme que les autorit\u00e9s publiques devraient se concentrer sur la temp\u00e9rature ressentie par les utilisateurs et utilisatrices, et la baisser autant que possible sans impacter leur confort. Cela implique de sensibiliser les citoyen\u00b7nes et le personnel municipal \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019adapter leurs habitudes vestimentaires selon leurs activit\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019ils se rendent dans des b\u00e2timents publics. Il conseille \u00e9galement de regrouper toutes les activit\u00e9s des associations locales les m\u00eames jours, afin de ne pas devoir chauffer les b\u00e2timents tous les jours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ville de Lyon a pouss\u00e9 la r\u00e9flexion sur ses besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques au point de remettre en question les conditions de conservation des \u0153uvres dans ses mus\u00e9es : toutes les \u0153uvres d\u2019art ont-elles besoin d\u2019avoir toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e une temp\u00e9rature de 19 \u00b0C et un niveau d\u2019hygrom\u00e9trie de 55 % constants pour assurer leur pr\u00e9servation ? Des gains \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques importants pourraient \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la diff\u00e9renciation des conditions de pr\u00e9servation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La m\u00e9tamorphose n\u00e9cessaire des collectivit\u00e9s : une collaboration interservices pour un meilleur suivi de la consommation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9action \u00e0 la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qui p\u00e8se sur les budgets municipaux, plusieurs villes europ\u00e9ennes, Lyon par exemple, ont mis en place une nouvelle dynamique de travail transversale au sein de la collectivit\u00e9 pour s\u2019atteler \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En effet, les services responsables des politiques sectorielles, comme le sport et la culture, ne g\u00e8rent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pas le paiement de leurs factures \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. C\u2019est la responsabilit\u00e9 du service du patrimoine municipale. Cette situation emp\u00eache les gestionnaires de chaque service de conna\u00eetre le co\u00fbt \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique exact de leurs activit\u00e9s. Pour faire face \u00e0 la crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, des groupes de travail transversaux sont mis en place pour discuter conjointement de la modification des habitudes et de la r\u00e9duction de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Cela pourrait conduire au transfert p\u00e9renne de la gestion des b\u00e2timents publics \u00e0 chaque service les utilisant et au d\u00e9cloisonnement administratif des politiques \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Changement du paradigme : investir dans les ressources humaines pour mettre en \u0153uvre des mesures de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 locales<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s Sylvain Godinot<\/strong>, il serait faux d\u2019affirmer que la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 n\u2019a aucun co\u00fbt sous pr\u00e9texte qu\u2019elle ne n\u00e9cessite pas d\u2019investissement. Elle a un impact sur le budget d\u2019exploitation, car elle n\u00e9cessite un investissement dans les ressources humaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En effet, adapter l\u2019utilisation de b\u00e2timents, optimiser les syst\u00e8mes techniques (le changement de param\u00e9trage des temp\u00e9ratures par exemple), informer les utilisateurs et utilisatrices sur les comportements appropri\u00e9s \u00e0 adopter, et permettre une gestion des locaux plus souple et en temps r\u00e9el n\u00e9cessite plus de personnel. De plus, l\u2019optimisation des infrastructures techniques telles que les syst\u00e8mes de chauffage peut permettre de d\u00e9tecter d\u2019autres d\u00e9fauts dans l\u2019isolation des b\u00e2timents : fuites, fen\u00eatres d\u00e9fectueuses, etc. De ce fait, cela acc\u00e9l\u00e8re le besoin de r\u00e9nover le patrimoine municipale et d\u2019embaucher du personnel pour mener \u00e0 bien ce processus, comme d\u00e9montr\u00e9 dans les \u00e9tudes chiffr\u00e9es r\u00e9alis\u00e9es par Energy Cities<\/a> en Europe et I4CE<\/a> en France. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, le co\u00fbt de ces mesures de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente un investissement, et cela paie. Un retour sur investissement de 10 \u00e0 15 % peut \u00eatre attendu sur les recrutements pour une meilleure gestion de b\u00e2timents publics. Les municipalit\u00e9s sont accabl\u00e9es par les mesures d\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 des gouvernements nationaux et, de ce fait, parfois r\u00e9ticentes \u00e0 embaucher du personnel. \u00c0 long terme, continuer dans cette voie pourrait repr\u00e9senter un vrai fl\u00e9au pour les finances publiques. C\u2019est pourquoi un changement de paradigme dans notre fa\u00e7on de consid\u00e9rer les finances publiques et les investissements \u00ab immat\u00e9riels \u00bb est plus que n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lors d\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e9nement organis\u00e9 par Energy Cities et Grenoble Alpes M\u00e9tropole le 18 octobre, dans le cadre des programmes de nos hubs Villes z\u00e9ro carbone et [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":57006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[309],"topic":[392,410],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Julien Joubert","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/j-joubert\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/valentin-b-kremer-r8JLP0xW2BY-unsplash-350x238.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/valentin-b-kremer-r8JLP0xW2BY-unsplash-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Julien 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