{"id":59448,"date":"2023-01-11T16:04:51","date_gmt":"2023-01-11T15:04:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=59448"},"modified":"2023-01-12T14:47:56","modified_gmt":"2023-01-12T13:47:56","slug":"decarbonation-des-batiments-et-si-la-nature-etait-le-meilleur-chef-de-construction-des-villes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/decarbonation-des-batiments-et-si-la-nature-etait-le-meilleur-chef-de-construction-des-villes\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9carbonation des b\u00e2timents : et si les villes s’inspiraient de la nature ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le changement climatique cause des dommages irr\u00e9versibles \u00e0 notre environnement. L’adaptation, m\u00eame si elle est un aspect essentiel de la nature, a ses limites \u2013 et nous nous en rapprochons sans cesse. Les conditions de vie sur Terre ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9es, nous avons d\u00e9pass\u00e9 plusieurs limites plan\u00e9taires, de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces sont menac\u00e9es, voire en extinction\u2026 L’impact humain sur la nature est d\u00e9vastateur depuis des ann\u00e9es. Ne serait-il pas temps de cesser de vouloir devenir \u00ab\u00a0ma\u00eetres et possesseurs de la nature\u00a0\u00bb et de regarder ce que la nature peut nous apprendre ? Si nous voulons sauver la plan\u00e8te (et nous-m\u00eames), il est urgent de changer de perspective, et cela commence par (dans) les municipalit\u00e9s.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De la d\u00e9ification de la technologie \u00e0 sa ma\u00eetrise r\u00e9elle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nous nous cachons souvent derri\u00e8re la croyance rassurante qu’une technologie providentielle nous sauvera : en attendant, rien ne change. La technologie est omnipr\u00e9sente dans notre vie quotidienne, r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 des besoins que nous ignorions parfois. Cependant, ces besoins satisfaits sont-ils tous de m\u00eame rang ? Quelle est la solidit\u00e9 d’un syst\u00e8me lorsqu’il repose enti\u00e8rement sur des technologies qui sont loin d’\u00eatre infaillibles ? Comme le dit Florian Laboulais, du Labo de l’ESS, un think tank fran\u00e7ais : \u00ab\u00a0Les technologies doivent \u00eatre agiles, frugales dans l’utilisation des ressources et de l’\u00e9nergie, accessibles au plus grand nombre afin de ne pas entraver l’autonomie des personnes\u00a0\u00bb. L’analyste identifie quatre besoins essentiels \u00e0 couvrir en permanence pour tou\u2027te\u2027s : se loger, se d\u00e9placer, acc\u00e9der aux biens et services de la vie courante, produire et travailler. C’est l\u00e0 que le low-tech entre en jeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00catre low-tech ne signifie pas \u00eatre anti-technologie. Cela signifie changer de perspective et \u00e9valuer o\u00f9 la technologie apporte r\u00e9ellement une valeur ajout\u00e9e et o\u00f9 elle est moins utile, tout en consid\u00e9rant son impact environnemental<\/strong>. Si nous nous concentrons sur le logement par exemple, il y a trois impacts principaux : la production de d\u00e9chets, l’occupation spatiale et l’artificialisation des sols. Les municipalit\u00e9s ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 cette question, en envisageant des utilisations diff\u00e9rentes des b\u00e2timents par l’occupation temporaire des espaces, ou en explorant le concept d’urbanisme circulaire<\/a> de Sylvain Grisot. En France, six grandes agglom\u00e9rations<\/a> (les m\u00e9tropoles de Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Paris, Poitiers et Strasbourg) ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de mener des exp\u00e9riences sur la mani\u00e8re de d\u00e9ployer une approche low-tech qui r\u00e9ponde \u00e0 cette question. \u00c0 Bordeaux, la municipalit\u00e9 m\u00e8ne une exp\u00e9rience, La Fumainerie<\/a>, avec 50 familles qui ont accept\u00e9 d’installer des toilettes \u00e0 compostage chez elles. Au-del\u00e0 de la r\u00e9duction de la consommation d’eau, l’id\u00e9e est aussi de chercher des partenariats pour r\u00e9utiliser les excr\u00e9ments pour l’agriculture locale. \u00c0 Paris, l’initiative Bellastock<\/a> stocke des mat\u00e9riaux provenant de b\u00e2timents d\u00e9molis et tente de trouver des chantiers dans un p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre d\u00e9fini qui pourraient r\u00e9utiliser certains de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De l’innovation \u00e0 la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La technologie low-tech n’en est qu’\u00e0 ses balbutiements, mais les municipalit\u00e9s explorent d\u00e9j\u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes possibilit\u00e9s pour mettre en \u0153uvre cette approche visant \u00e0 donner plus d’espace \u00e0 la nature. Et si les villes commen\u00e7aient \u00e0 ressembler de plus en plus \u00e0 la nature ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le biomim\u00e9tisme est une approche interdisciplinaire qui utilise la nature comme mod\u00e8le pour relever les d\u00e9fis du d\u00e9veloppement durable. En un mot, les mod\u00e8les biologiques sont transpos\u00e9s pour une innovation au service d’une transition durable.<\/strong> Le CEEBIOS<\/a>, centre de recherche et r\u00e9seau fran\u00e7ais en biomim\u00e9tisme, va encore plus loin : chaque projet de biomim\u00e9tisme doit \u00eatre r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur, cr\u00e9ant un impact positif sur la nature et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Et il existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 de bons exemples<\/a>, en Europe et ailleurs ! Les architectes s’inspirent des termiti\u00e8res pour l’inertie et la r\u00e9gulation thermique, des fleurs qui s’ouvrent et se referment en fonction du soleil et de la chaleur, des algues qui r\u00e9gulent la lumi\u00e8re et produisent de l’\u00e9nergie\u2026 La nature est pleine de ressources !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, il existe encore un obstacle principal \u00e0 l’acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des concepts de biomim\u00e9tisme dans les municipalit\u00e9s : \u00e9tant une approche interdisciplinaire, le biomim\u00e9tisme requiert l’implication de nombreux acteurs. Architectes, professionnel\u2027le\u2027s de l’environnement, biologistes \u2013 une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d’acteurs qui ne parlent pas n\u00e9cessairement le m\u00eame langage. Pour surmonter ce probl\u00e8me, les projets font de plus en plus appel aux services de facilitateur\u2027rice\u2027s pour am\u00e9liorer la collaboration entre les \u00e9quipes, et certaines \u00e9coles d’architecture commencent m\u00eame \u00e0 proposer des programmes de biomim\u00e9tisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les collectivit\u00e9s locales peuvent intervenir pour favoriser cette approche multipartite et transformer tous les projets en projets r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs<\/strong>. Dans le cadre des appels \u00e0 propositions, les gouvernements locaux devraient d\u00e9j\u00e0 fixer cet objectif afin qu’il soit pris en compte d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des travaux. Reste la question des co\u00fbts. Etant donn\u00e9 qu’il s’agit d’une approche tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cente, les donn\u00e9es disponibles sont rares. Eduardo Blanco, de CEEBIOS, reconna\u00eet qu’il y a g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un co\u00fbt suppl\u00e9mentaire puisqu’il faut ajouter au moins un\u2027e facilitateur\u2027rice \u00e0 l’\u00e9quipe pour favoriser les \u00e9changes entre les parties prenantes. Cependant, si l’on consid\u00e8re l’ensemble du cycle de vie, le biomim\u00e9tisme implique une moindre consommation de mat\u00e9riaux et d’\u00e9nergie, ce qui pourrait \u00eatre un moyen d’\u00e9quilibrer l’investissement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 condition de mettre en place les bons dispositifs de soutien, les municipalit\u00e9s peuvent permettre d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des espaces urbains, en envisageant le logement dans une approche plus respectueuse et inspir\u00e9e de la nature<\/strong>. Dans cette lutte contre le changement climatique, revenir \u00e0 une approche plus locale fait \u00e9cho au besoin de plus de nature. Il est temps de laisser la nature revenir dans nos villes et de voir comment elle peut aider les municipalit\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser une transition durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour en savoir plus, visionnez l’enregistrement de notre webinaire<\/a> sur le low-tech et le biomim\u00e9tisme !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’impact humain sur la nature est d\u00e9vastateur depuis des d\u00e9cennies. Ne serait-il pas temps de cesser de vouloir devenir \u00ab\u00a0ma\u00eetres et possesseurs de la nature\u00a0\u00bb et de regarder ce que la nature peut nous apprendre ? Si nous voulons sauver la plan\u00e8te (et nous-m\u00eames), il est urgent de changer de perspective, et cela commence par (dans) les municipalit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":59420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[308],"topic":[22,110],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Am\u00e9lie Ancelle","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/a-ancelle\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/danist-soh-dqXiw7nCb9Q-unsplash-350x233.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/danist-soh-dqXiw7nCb9Q-unsplash-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Am\u00e9lie Ancelle","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/a-ancelle\/"},"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9carbonation des b\u00e2timents : et si les villes s'inspiraient de la nature ? - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/decarbonation-des-batiments-et-si-la-nature-etait-le-meilleur-chef-de-construction-des-villes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9carbonation des b\u00e2timents : et si les villes s'inspiraient de la nature ? - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L'impact humain sur la nature est d\u00e9vastateur depuis des d\u00e9cennies. 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