{"id":61491,"date":"2023-03-10T17:28:47","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T16:28:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=61491"},"modified":"2023-03-10T17:39:58","modified_gmt":"2023-03-10T16:39:58","slug":"labc-de-la-sobriete-le-nouveau-superpouvoir-des-villes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/labc-de-la-sobriete-le-nouveau-superpouvoir-des-villes\/","title":{"rendered":"L’ABC de la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 : le nouveau superpouvoir des villes ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 est un mot \u00e0 la mode en Europe depuis la crise de l’\u00e9nergie. Pourtant, \u00ab\u00a0la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 ce n’est pas juste l’\u00e9nergie, ce n’est pas juste cet hiver ; c’est le fait de consommer moins pour permettre \u00e0 d’autres de consommer correctement, dans le respect des limites plan\u00e9taires\u00a0\u00bb comme le dit si justement Anne Bringault, coordinatrice du R\u00e9seau Action Climat France.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 est souvent confondue avec d’autres concepts (efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ou frugalit\u00e9) et peut se cacher derri\u00e8re d’autres formulations telles que \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9viter la consommation\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9duire la demande\u00a0\u00bb.  Cet article ainsi que le tout nouveau glossaire d’Energy Cities d\u00e9cryptent donc pour vous la notion de suffisance et montrent comment elle est mise en pratique dans les villes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9, ce n\u2019est pas sorcier <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Selon le rapport du GIEC de 2022<\/a>, \u00ab\u00a0les politiques de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 sont un ensemble de mesures et de pratiques quotidiennes qui permettent d’\u00e9viter la demande d’\u00e9nergie, de mat\u00e9riaux, de terres et d’eau tout en assurant le bien-\u00eatre humain pour tous dans les limites de la plan\u00e8te\u00a0\u00bb. La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 s’applique \u00e0 tous les aspects de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, mais c’est dans les secteurs du b\u00e2timent et des transports qu’elle a le plus grand potentiel de r\u00e9duction de notre consommation de ressources.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour Energy Cities, la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 consiste \u00e0 repenser nos besoins. Exemple : Je n’ai pas besoin d’une voiture, j’ai besoin d’aller \u00e0 un endroit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notre d\u00e9finition de la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 implique des changements structurels et une dimension collective. Il y a beaucoup \u00e0 faire au niveau europ\u00e9en, national mais aussi local pour cr\u00e9er les conditions qui permettent aux personnes et aux entreprises de faire des choix de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9. Par exemple, il est essentiel de fournir des infrastructures cyclables s\u00fbres pour encourager les gens \u00e0 faire du v\u00e9lo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cela nous am\u00e8ne \u00e0 notre dernier point : une transition juste est la condition d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sobre. Cela garantirait que tout le monde ait \u00ab\u202fassez\u202f\u00bb et que personne n’ait \u00ab\u202ftrop\u202f\u00bb de ressources, pour rester dans les limites plan\u00e9taires. L’effort que chacun devra fournir ne sera donc pas le m\u00eame selon que son mode de vie d\u00e9passe d\u00e9j\u00e0 les limites plan\u00e9taires ou non. La th\u00e9orie du donut d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Kate Raworth et mise en \u0153uvre dans certaines villes comme Amsterdam<\/a> en est une bonne illustration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 et efficacit\u00e9 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

L’efficacit\u00e9 est une question d’optimisation : \u00eatre efficace signifie utiliser le moins de ressources possible pour produire le m\u00eame bien. Elle diff\u00e8re de la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 car l’efficacit\u00e9 ne cherche pas \u00e0 \u00e9viter l’utilisation de ressources et ne remet pas en question la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’un service ou d’un bien (par exemple, j’utilise un lave-linge et un s\u00e8che-linge A+++ (efficacit\u00e9), mais je ne pense pas que je peux laver \u00e0 froid et utiliser un \u00e9tendage \u00e0 la place (sobri\u00e9t\u00e9)). N\u00e9anmoins, les deux concepts sont compl\u00e9mentaires et peuvent conduire \u00e0 une consommation globale de ressources moins pr\u00e9cieuses. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 contre l’aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

On parle d’aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 lorsqu’un gouvernement prend un ensemble de mesures pour diminuer les d\u00e9penses publiques en vue de r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire. Contrairement \u00e0 la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9, l’aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 n’est ni choisie ni juste. R\u00e9duire la temp\u00e9rature de chauffage \u00e0 19\u00b0C dans tous les b\u00e2timents sans tenir compte de l’impact que cette mesure peut avoir sur les populations les moins outill\u00e9es ou les plus vuln\u00e9rables, c’est de l’aust\u00e9rit\u00e9. Prendre une mesure similaire en veillant \u00e0 accompagner les publics les plus vuln\u00e9rables (r\u00e9novation thermique, adaptation de la temp\u00e9rature en fonction de l’usage, etc.), c’est de la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9. Partie Prenante<\/em> illustre bien la diff\u00e9rence dans son article<\/a> de d\u00e9cembre 2022.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 vs frugalit\u00e9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Contrairement \u00e0 la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9, la frugalit\u00e9 s’applique aux individus. L’objectif est de vivre une vie plus centr\u00e9e sur des valeurs \u00ab\u00a0essentielles\u00a0\u00bb avec un rejet total de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d’abondance. C’est un cousin du concept de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais n’est-ce pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 le cas dans ma ville ? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame si elles ne l’appellent pas toujours ainsi, de nombreuses villes ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris des mesures de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9, notamment en mati\u00e8re de logement, de mobilit\u00e9, de consommation alimentaire et de politiques d’am\u00e9nagement du territoire. Si vous voulez voir si votre ville en fait partie et d\u00e9couvrir les 50 mesures de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es dans ce rapport ici<\/a> (projet FULFILL). D’autres mesures sont list\u00e9es ici<\/a> par le projet Energy Suffizienz ENSU. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 2014, Grenoble a banni la publicit\u00e9 de 90 % de l’espace urbain et r\u00e9glement\u00e9 les 10 % restants. La ville fran\u00e7aise a ainsi r\u00e9duit la consommation de ressources (mat\u00e9riaux, \u00e9nergie) pour le fonctionnement des panneaux publicitaires, tandis que ses habitants sont beaucoup moins encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 (sur)consommer.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D’autres villes ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une vision plus structurelle de la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9, comme c’est le cas \u00e0 Zurich. La capitale suisse vise \u00e0 atteindre une consommation d’\u00e9nergie primaire de 2000 watts<\/a> par habitant et par an d’ici 2050.  Gen\u00e8ve ou Amsterdam sont d’autres exemples int\u00e9ressants qui sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans cette publication<\/a> d’Energy Cities et de l’ADEME.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 peut \u00eatre une boussole qui aide les collectivit\u00e9s locales \u00e0 orienter leurs politiques vers une \u00e9conomie juste, respectant les limites de la plan\u00e8te et assurant les besoins fondamentaux de chacun. C’est un outil puissant que les \u00e9lu.e.s peuvent utiliser pour donner un cadre et un sens \u00e0 toutes leurs actions en faveur du climat et de l’\u00e9nergie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lisez le glossaire pour consulter les d\u00e9finitions et les exemples d’autres concepts connexes tels que la circularit\u00e9, la d\u00e9croissance, l’utilisation rationnelle des ressources… ! <\/em> <\/a> <\/strong>(bient\u00f4t disponible en fran\u00e7ais)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet article est le premier d’une s\u00e9rie d’articles \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9coder la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb dont la traduction est financ\u00e9e par l\u2019ADEME. <\/em>Abonnez-vous<\/em><\/a> \u00e0 la lettre d’information du hub \u00ab\u00a0Sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 et Justice sociale au c\u0153ur de l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale\u00a0\u00bb pour lire les prochains articles.<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 est un mot \u00e0 la mode en Europe depuis la crise de l’\u00e9nergie. 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