{"id":77147,"date":"2024-05-02T16:50:58","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T14:50:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/?p=77147"},"modified":"2024-05-07T10:07:26","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T08:07:26","slug":"les-pays-de-lue-suivent-ils-la-recommandation-europeenne-zero-artificialisation-nette-en-2050","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-pays-de-lue-suivent-ils-la-recommandation-europeenne-zero-artificialisation-nette-en-2050\/","title":{"rendered":"Les pays de l’UE suivent-ils la recommandation europ\u00e9enne \u00ab\u00a0z\u00e9ro artificialisation nette en 2050\u00a0\u00bb ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

En 2011, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a annonc\u00e9 l’objectif d’une \u00ab\u00a0z\u00e9ro artificialisation nette en 2050\u00a0\u00bb, une recommandation visant \u00e0 pr\u00e9server les sols, \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la biodiversit\u00e9 et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie. En effet, l\u2019artificialisation des terres en Europe, qui concerne principalement les zones urbaines et p\u00e9riurbaines, perturbe les fonctions \u00e9cologiques et r\u00e9duit la r\u00e9silience des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Les espaces agricoles et les for\u00eats sont les plus touch\u00e9s. Pour atteindre l’objectif de l’UE d’une \u00ab\u00a0z\u00e9ro artificialisation nette en 2050\u00a0\u00bb, il faut prendre des mesures concr\u00e8tes pour r\u00e9duire de mani\u00e8re significative l\u2019\u00e9talement urbain d\u00e8s 2030. La perte de sols naturels et agricoles impact la biodiversit\u00e9 et notre capacit\u00e9 de stockage du carbone, et augmente les risques d’inondation et les vagues de chaleur dans les villes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2021, dix ans plus tard, cet objectif a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9 dans le cadre de la strat\u00e9gie pour les sols de l’Union Europ\u00e9enne<\/a>, mais il reste non contraignant. Bien qu’il n’y ait aucune obligation de mettre en \u0153uvre cette mesure, quelques \u00c9tats membres et r\u00e9gions ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de suivre cette recommandation visant \u00e0 limiter l’\u00e9talement urbain<\/strong>. Bien que dens\u00e9ment peupl\u00e9e les Flandres (Belgique) m\u00e8nent une politique tr\u00e8s restrictive en faveur de la pr\u00e9servation des terres non artificialis\u00e9es \u00e0 ce jour. Au contraire, les pays de l’Est privil\u00e9gient globalement leur d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais voyons maintenant quelques cas concrets et positifs !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

France et Belgique : des politiques ambitieuses avec des objectifs contraignants<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La France<\/strong> semble \u00eatre le seul \u00c9tat de l’UE \u00e0 avoir retranscrit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment dans sa l\u00e9gislation nationale l\u2019objectif europ\u00e9en de \u00ab z\u00e9ro artificialisation nette \u00bb. Selon la loi Climat et R\u00e9silience approuv\u00e9e en 2021, tous les territoires fran\u00e7ais doivent r\u00e9duire de moiti\u00e9 leur urbanisation au cours de la p\u00e9riode 2020-2030 par rapport \u00e0 la d\u00e9cennie pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. Des d\u00e9rogations sont pr\u00e9vues pour les projets ayant une dimension nationale ou r\u00e9gionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Belgique<\/strong>, l’approche est r\u00e9gionale. En 2023, le parlement flamand a vot\u00e9 en faveur d’une z\u00e9ro artificialisation brute des sols d’ici 2040. Il s’agit de la mesure la plus radicale actuellement mise en \u0153uvre dans toute l’Europe. Le gouvernement flamand a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d’indemniser jusqu’\u00e0 80 % de la valeur de la parcelle pour tous les propri\u00e9taires qui verraient leur terrain devenir inconstructible<\/strong>. La question du financement de cette mesure reste n\u00e9anmoins toujours ouverte. Pour sa part, la r\u00e9gion wallonne a une politique similaire \u00e0 celle de la France, compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par un objectif non contraignant de concentration des nouvelles constructions dans les villes identifi\u00e9es comme \u00ab\u00a0centralit\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allemagne et Italie : quelques mesures r\u00e9gionales<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bien que ni l’Allemagne ni l’Italie n’aient d’objectif contraignant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du pays, certaines r\u00e9gions ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de prendre des mesures. Dans le Bade-Wurtemberg<\/strong> (Allemagne), le gouvernement du Land s’est engag\u00e9 \u00e0 atteindre un objectif tr\u00e8s ambitieux de z\u00e9ro artificialisation nette d\u2019ici 2035, mais cette annonce n’a pas encore donn\u00e9 lieu au vote d\u2019une loi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u00c9milie-Romagne<\/strong> (Italie), une loi r\u00e9gionale adopt\u00e9e en 2017 fixe l’objectif europ\u00e9en d’une z\u00e9ro artificialisation nette des sols, en autorisant une nouvelle urbanisation de seulement 3 % du territoire de chaque commune d\u2019ici 2050 et uniquement pour des projets d’int\u00e9r\u00eat public<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quel r\u00f4le pour les villes ?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque l’on parle d’\u00e9talement urbain, les collectivit\u00e9s locales sont en premi\u00e8re ligne<\/strong>. En effet, elles doivent respecter le cadre l\u00e9gislatif national ou r\u00e9gional tout en faisant face \u00e0 une opinion publique polaris\u00e9e entre les partisans de la pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019environnement et ceux qui souhaitent favoriser la croissance et \u00ab le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique du territoire \u00bb en construisant. En Wallonie, chaque ville doit r\u00e9viser son plan d’urbanisme pour y int\u00e9grer le nouvel objectif. En France, les plans d’urbanisme intercommunaux doivent conduire \u00e0 reclasser de nombreuses parcelles anciennement class\u00e9es \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 urbaniser\u00a0\u00bb en zone naturelles ou agricoles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quoi qu’il en soit, m\u00eame si leur pays ou leur r\u00e9gion n’ont pas encore d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 de politiques contre l’\u00e9talement urbain, les villes europ\u00e9ennes ont pour la plupart le droit de prendre leur propre initiative, prouvant ainsi qu’un autre type de d\u00e9veloppement est possible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Energy Cities<\/strong> soutient les villes dans ce d\u00e9fi et promeut l’id\u00e9e que le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique n’est pas n\u00e9cessairement li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9talement urbain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Envie d’en savoir plus ? Consultez notre manifeste sur la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/a><\/strong>, qui demande notamment \u00e0 l’UE d’adopter un objectif contraignant en mati\u00e8re de lutte contre l\u2019artificialisation des sols.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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