{"id":77543,"date":"2024-05-13T14:37:14","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:37:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/dutch-cities-gain-new-powers-to-disconnect-gas-users-and-accelerate-shift-to-district-heating\/"},"modified":"2024-05-16T12:06:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T10:06:21","slug":"villes-neerlandaises-ont-nouveaux-moyens-pour-couper-gaz-et-favoriser-transition-vers-chauffage-urbain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/villes-neerlandaises-ont-nouveaux-moyens-pour-couper-gaz-et-favoriser-transition-vers-chauffage-urbain\/","title":{"rendered":"De nouveaux moyens pour les villes n\u00e9erlandaises de couper le raccordement au gaz et de favoriser la transition vers le chauffage urbain"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement n\u00e9erlandais a r\u00e9cemment adopt\u00e9 une loi \u00ab\u00a0Wet Gemeentelijke Instrumenten Warmtetransitie\u00a0\u00bb (loi sur les instruments de transition en mati\u00e8re de chauffage urbain) dans le cadre de la transition nationale vers l\u2019abandon du gaz. Pour comprendre les implications de cette nouvelle loi pour les villes et les citoyen\u00b7nes n\u00e9erlandais\u00b7es, nous avons interrog\u00e9 Stephan\u00a0Brandligt, membre du conseil d\u2019administration d\u2019Energy\u00a0Cities, pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Alliance n\u00e9erlandaise pour le climat et ancien maire adjoint de la ville de Delft, afin de comprendre en quoi cette loi est si importante et de d\u00e9terminer les le\u00e7ons que peuvent en tirer les autres pays de l\u2019UE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En quoi consiste cette nouvelle loi\u00a0?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La loi s\u2019inscrit dans le processus de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en mati\u00e8re de chauffage urbain. Les autorit\u00e9s locales avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 investies de la gestion de cette d\u00e9marche, mais elles avaient besoin d\u2019instruments juridiques pour la mettre en \u0153uvre. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019a permis la nouvelle loi. Tout particuli\u00e8rement, les autorit\u00e9s locales peuvent d\u00e9sormais d\u00e9cr\u00e9ter qu\u2019un quartier en particulier ne sera plus raccord\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau de distribution de gaz. Auparavant, chaque citoyen\u00b7ne pouvait b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019un raccordement au gaz pour les logements construits avant le 1er\u00a0juillet\u00a02018. \u00c9videmment, les villes ne peuvent pas simplement d\u00e9cider de couper le raccordement au r\u00e9seau de gaz sans proposer d\u2019alternative abordable, comme un syst\u00e8me de chauffage urbain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En quoi cette loi est-elle une aide pour les villes\u00a0?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Il n\u2019y a pas eu de b\u00e9n\u00e9fice direct\u00a0; les municipalit\u00e9s doivent prendre ces mesures en vue d\u2019atteindre les objectifs de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO2. Une autre consid\u00e9ration est r\u00e9cemment entr\u00e9e en ligne de compte, \u00e0 savoir la saturation du r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique. Le chauffage urbain peut grandement contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9duire ces probl\u00e8mes de saturation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quel r\u00f4le peuvent jouer les citoyen\u00b7nes pour d\u00e9terminer leur futur syst\u00e8me de chauffage\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Les citoyen\u00b7nes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle individuelle ne peuvent pas choisir leur syst\u00e8me, car cela ne permettrait pas de mettre en place un syst\u00e8me collectif. Il est tr\u00e8s important que le point de vue des citoyen\u00b7nes soit exprim\u00e9 \u00e0 plus grande \u00e9chelle. Si la transition n\u2019est pas r\u00e9alis\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie, une forte opposition risque de s\u2019\u00e9lever contre le chauffage urbain. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, je me r\u00e9jouis de la d\u00e9cision finale en mati\u00e8re d\u2019investissements en faveur de la construction d\u2019un syst\u00e8me de chauffage urbain, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise \u00e0 Delft il y a un mois. Il s\u2019agit du syst\u00e8me sur lequel j\u2019ai travaill\u00e9 pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es lorsque j\u2019\u00e9tais en fonction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les citoyen\u00b7nes ne pourront plus choisir librement leur syst\u00e8me de chauffage. Doit-on s\u2019attendre \u00e0 une controverse\u00a0? Quelles dispositions locales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises pour communiquer sur les motifs de cette situation et veiller \u00e0 l\u2019absence de p\u00e9nalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re\u00a0?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Effectivement, le chauffage urbain n\u2019est envisageable que si la distribution de gaz est coup\u00e9e. Vous pouvez n\u00e9anmoins choisir de ne pas vous raccorder au chauffage urbain si vous disposez d\u2019une autre solution r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 la m\u00eame norme de durabilit\u00e9. Cette mesure suscitera une controverse uniquement si l\u2019alternative n\u2019est pas satisfaisante. C\u2019est pourquoi nous avons \u00e9galement besoin d\u2019une nouvelle loi relative au chauffage, qui devrait \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e, esp\u00e9rons-le. La premi\u00e8re phase de la mise en \u0153uvre du chauffage urbain \u00e0 Delft ne concerne pas les propri\u00e9taires individuels, mais uniquement les logements sociaux situ\u00e9s dans des immeubles (soit environ 6\u00a0000\u00a0logements).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TPour d\u00e9couvrir si le cadre juridique et financier de votre pays est favorable \u00e0 la d\u00e9carbonation de la production de chaleur, nous vous invitons \u00e0 consulter notre outil de suivi en ligne<\/a>, qui fournit des analyses sur ses 27\u00a0\u00c9tats membres de l\u2019UE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelles autres actions sont n\u00e9cessaires pour assurer la d\u00e9carbonation des b\u00e2timents aux Pays-Bas\u00a0?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Comme je l\u2019ai mentionn\u00e9, la nouvelle loi relative au chauffage est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire. Elle garantira que l\u2019infrastructure relative au chauffage sera g\u00e9r\u00e9e par le secteur public (majorit\u00e9 de contr\u00f4le) et que des r\u00e8gles seront \u00e9tablies pour prot\u00e9ger les citoyen\u00b7nes des prix abusifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelles le\u00e7ons les autres pays peuvent-ils tirer de cette loi et de la d\u00e9marche n\u00e9erlandaise visant \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 la production de chaleur \u00e0 partir des \u00e9nergies fossiles\u00a0?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ensemble de la d\u00e9marche est actuellement trop lent et trop difficile. Les pouvoirs publics nationaux doivent exercer un contr\u00f4le accru sur certaines composantes de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et \u00e9tablir les conditions n\u00e9cessaires. \u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, les autorit\u00e9s locales doivent se d\u00e9brouiller seules, mais la plupart d\u2019entre elles n\u2019en ont pas la capacit\u00e9 (ou la volont\u00e9 politique).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme je l\u2019ai mentionn\u00e9, la saturation du r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique repr\u00e9sente un probl\u00e8me de taille qui s\u2019aggrave rapidement. Le d\u00e9veloppement du chauffage urbain et l\u2019expansion du r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique doivent \u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9s conjointement. Ce syst\u00e8me est encore r\u00e9cent et nous avons beaucoup \u00e0 apprendre sur la mani\u00e8re de le mettre en \u0153uvre au mieux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le gouvernement n\u00e9erlandais a r\u00e9cemment adopt\u00e9 une loi \u00ab\u00a0Wet Gemeentelijke Instrumenten Warmtetransitie\u00a0\u00bb (loi sur les instruments de transition en mati\u00e8re de chauffage urbain) dans le [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":77350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[308],"topic":[22,112,344,350,361,372],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Adrian 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