{"id":9519,"date":"2017-10-26T12:00:11","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T12:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ec.kuusi.ovh\/?p=9519"},"modified":"2019-01-11T15:10:46","modified_gmt":"2019-01-11T15:10:46","slug":"les-smart-cities-sont-elles-assez-intelligentes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-smart-cities-sont-elles-assez-intelligentes\/","title":{"rendered":"LES SMART CITIES : SONT-ELLES ASSEZ INTELLIGENTES ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Deux membres fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Energy Cities donnent leur d\u00e9finition de cette \u00ab ville intelligente \u00bb avec, en arri\u00e8re-plan, les interrogations qui l\u2019accompagnent.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ville intelligente, des opportunit\u00e9s pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable !<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Par Laurent Tonnerre, Adjoint au Maire de la Ville de Lorient<\/em> <\/strong>
Les nouveaux outils et usages num\u00e9riques sont porteurs de nombreuses opportunit\u00e9s, \u00e0 condition bien entendu que les villes soient actrices de leur mise en \u0153uvre plut\u00f4t que de les subir. La Ville de Lorient a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 un travail prospectif sur la ville intelligente, avec notamment trois bureaux d\u2019\u00e9tudes diff\u00e9rents. 

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trois visions de la ville intelligente ont \u00e9merg\u00e9 des s\u00e9minaires de travail <\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. La ville vue comme \u00ab un syst\u00e8me de syst\u00e8mes \u00bb, en temps r\u00e9el. C\u2019est la vision un peu classique de la ville intelligente, port\u00e9e par une imagerie qui emprunte \u00e0 la science-fiction, faisant intervenir le \u00ab big data \u00bb, les capteurs, les algorithmes, \u00e9ventuellement des salles de contr\u00f4le, etc.<\/li>
  2. La ville comme plateforme de services : il s\u2019agit de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins du citadin consommateur, en lui proposant de nombreux outils priv\u00e9s et publics \u00e0 m\u00eame de lui permettre d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 un grand panel personnalis\u00e9 de services et de produits.<\/li>
  3. La ville comme interface collaborative : il s\u2019agit de solliciter le citadin pour le bien commun pour contribuer \u00e0 faire la ville.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Il doit \u00eatre possible de cr\u00e9er des conditions d\u2019appropriation de ces nouveaux outils qui permettent de cr\u00e9er plus de solidarit\u00e9s dans une ville plus sobre en \u00e9nergie. Pour Lorient, cela se traduit, par exemple, par la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019outils et d\u2019accompagnement \u00e0 l\u2019appropriation du suivi des consommations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques (Interreg EMPOWER<\/a>) et d\u2019utilisation de ces nouvelles technologies pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019environnement sonore (projet ANR CENSE<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les Smart Cities seront-elles des villes sobres ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Par Bruno Charles, 15\u00e8me Vice-Pr\u00e9sident de la M\u00e9tropole de Lyon<\/em> <\/strong>
    L\u2019utilisation des donn\u00e9es produites par l\u2019activit\u00e9 urbaine se voit assigner les t\u00e2ches, quasi miraculeuses, d\u2019optimiser le fonctionnement des services publics, d\u2019offrir des services nouveaux aux habitants, d\u2019\u00eatre un nouveau relais de croissance et de permettre la transition \u00e9cologique des villes. Rien de moins !
    Seront-elles des villes sobres ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cela n\u2019a rien d\u2019\u00e9vident<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Il y a une contradiction entre afficher des objectifs de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et augmenter de fa\u00e7on exponentielle les appareils \u00e9lectroniques. De fait, la multiplication des appareils \u00e9lectroniques a quasiment annul\u00e9 les progr\u00e8s en terme de sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 et d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, et g\u00e9n\u00e8re des milliards de d\u00e9chets \u00e9lectroniques difficiles, voire impossible \u00e0 recycler.<\/li>
    2. La \u00ab smart city \u00bb augmentera la fracture sociale pour tous ceux qui n\u2019y ont pas acc\u00e8s. Et ils sont plus nombreux qu\u2019on ne le croit.<\/li>
    3. Le \u00ab big data \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la collecte et l\u2019usage de milliards de donn\u00e9es, est porteuse de dangers importants pour les libert\u00e9s individuelles.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Surtout, si le num\u00e9rique permettra peut-\u00eatre \u00ab d\u2019optimiser \u00bb le syst\u00e8me urbain, cette optimisation ne suffira pas \u00e0 atteindre le facteur 4 : il nous faut des v\u00e9ritables ruptures.
      Inventer la ville \u00ab des courtes distances \u00bb, reconqu\u00e9rir l\u2019espace urbain phagocyt\u00e9 par l\u2019automobile au profit des pi\u00e9tons v\u00e9lo, etc., relocaliser une grande partie de la production, notamment agricole, sont tout autant de politiques urbaines plus importantes pour la transition \u00e9cologique que la Smart City.
      In fine, la ville intelligente c\u2019est d\u2019abord la ville dont la conception permet une vie \u00e9conome en ressources et libre, sans nous enfermer dans un syst\u00e8me technique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Lyon est une des villes pilotes du projet europ\u00e9en Smarter Together<\/a> avec Wien et Munich, ce projet permet le d\u00e9veloppement de solutions pouvant \u00eatre dupliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle pour une ville intelligente et sobre en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie, de transports et de technologies<\/strong>.pour voir quelle forme prend la \u00ab\u00a0smart city\u00a0\u00bb dans d\u2019autres villes membres d\u2019Energy Cities : http:\/\/smarter-together.eu<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

      \u00a9 photos : ville de Lorient – Grand Lyon – Shutterstock<\/em>
      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Deux membres fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Energy Cities donnent leur d\u00e9finition de cette \u00ab ville intelligente \u00bb avec, en arri\u00e8re-plan, les interrogations qui l\u2019accompagnent. La ville intelligente, des opportunit\u00e9s pour [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":17578,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[],"topic":[22,110],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Beatrice Karas","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/b-karas\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/France1_andreas-selter-330331-unsplash-300x200.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/France1_andreas-selter-330331-unsplash.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Beatrice Karas","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/b-karas\/"},"yoast_head":"\nLES SMART CITIES : SONT-ELLES ASSEZ INTELLIGENTES ? - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-smart-cities-sont-elles-assez-intelligentes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LES SMART CITIES : SONT-ELLES ASSEZ INTELLIGENTES ? - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Deux membres fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Energy Cities donnent leur d\u00e9finition de cette \u00ab ville intelligente \u00bb avec, en arri\u00e8re-plan, les interrogations qui l\u2019accompagnent. 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