{"id":9847,"date":"2018-09-04T15:14:18","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T15:14:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ec.kuusi.ovh\/?p=9847"},"modified":"2019-01-10T15:40:10","modified_gmt":"2019-01-10T15:40:10","slug":"les-serious-games-une-revolution-pour-laction-climatique-locale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-serious-games-une-revolution-pour-laction-climatique-locale\/","title":{"rendered":"LES \u00ab SERIOUS GAMES \u00bb : UNE R\u00c9VOLUTION POUR L\u2019ACTION CLIMATIQUE LOCALE ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les jeux sont faits pour nous divertir. Mais est-il possible d\u2019am\u00e9liorer notre aptitude \u00e0 apprendre, \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions et \u00e0 coop\u00e9rer pour faire avancer la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique tout en s\u2019amusant ? Il semblerait que ce soit le cas avec les \u00ab serious games \u00bb sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie et le climat, des jeux dont l\u2019 objectif est de sensibiliser les citoyens \u00e0 l\u2019urgence des enjeux et \u00e0 aider les responsables \u00e0 agir au niveau local
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00ab serious games \u00bb<\/a>, qu\u2019ils s\u2019agissent de jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ou de jeux vid\u00e9o, existent depuis des d\u00e9cennies. Ils sont utilis\u00e9s dans les \u00e9coles pour enseigner les math\u00e9matiques ou les langues d\u2019une mani\u00e8re ludique et accessible. Ils constituent \u00e9galement une part essentielle de la formation de nombreuses professions, comme les m\u00e9decins, les pilotes ou encore les pompiers, qui peuvent ainsi s\u2019exercer \u00e0 pratiquer des op\u00e9rations, faire des simulations de vol ou se pr\u00e9parer pour des missions de sauvetage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Appliqu\u00e9s au changement climatique et \u00e0 la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique au niveau local, les \u00ab serious games \u00bb contribuent \u00e0 sensibiliser les participants, \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper leurs connaissances et \u00e0 les encourager \u00e0 trouver des id\u00e9es et solutions afin de relever les d\u00e9fis et surmonter les obstacles. Par ailleurs, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de jeux de r\u00f4le, ils permettent de d\u00e9velopper la capacit\u00e9 des participants \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les risques, prendre des d\u00e9cisions et travailler de mani\u00e8re collaborative. Les th\u00e8mes abord\u00e9s par les \u00ab serious games \u00bb consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie et au climat sont multiples : comment g\u00e9rer les compromis entre durabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme et croissance \u00e9conomique \u00e0 court terme, comment att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique en optant pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, ou encore, comment trouver des moyens innovants de s\u2019adapter aux impacts que l\u2019on ne peut \u00e9viter, comme l\u2019aggravation des inondations, s\u00e9cheresses ou feux de for\u00eat.

\u00a9 Photo : Jaciel Melnik on Unsplash<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un outil au service des responsables politiques : d\u00e9battre de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et du climat gr\u00e2ce aux \u00ab serious games \u00bb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

De nombreux \u00ab serious games \u00bb sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie et le climat placent les joueurs face \u00e0 des situations hypoth\u00e9tiques mais r\u00e9alistes qui pourraient survenir dans leurs villes en raison du changement climatique, comme l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau de la mer ou des vagues de chaleur plus longues, et \u00e0 d\u00e9cider de la mani\u00e8re dont ils adapteraient les infrastructures urbaines en cons\u00e9quence. Le centre am\u00e9ricain Virginia Tech Center a ainsi men\u00e9 une simulation bas\u00e9e sur un jeu de r\u00f4le avec 76 responsables et acteurs des villes de Boston, Singapour et Rotterdam<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 aux participants de d\u00e9finir, ensemble, comment ils adapteraient les d\u00e9cisions d\u2019investissement dans les infrastructures de transport afin de r\u00e9pondre aux risques climatiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Construire des villes \u00e0 \u00e9nergie propre est \u00e9galement un des objectifs des \u00ab serious games \u00bb. Avec \u201cEnergy City\u201d<\/a>, un jeu d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par la branche d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation num\u00e9rique de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre National Geographic Society<\/a>, les joueurs endossent le r\u00f4le de d\u00e9cideurs politiques qui doivent d\u00e9velopper une ville \u00e0 \u00e9nergie propre sur le long terme. Six diff\u00e9rents sc\u00e9narios de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sont propos\u00e9s, l\u2019objectif \u00e9tant d\u2019\u00e9liminer les sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie fossile pour atteindre un mix 100 % renouvelable, tout en pr\u00e9servant un environnement sain, une bonne qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, un budget en \u00e9quilibre et un fort soutien des acteurs locaux. Le jeu d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le projet europ\u00e9en \u00ab EnerCities \u00bb<\/a>, co-financ\u00e9 par le programme Energie Intelligente Europe, utilise \u00e9galement une approche similaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Encourager un d\u00e9veloppement urbain durable est un autre objectif-clef des \u00ab serious games \u00bb sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie et le climat. Le jeu DUBES, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par des chercheurs de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de technologie de Delft<\/a>, par exemple, a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 afin d\u2019aider \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9novation et d\u2019am\u00e9nagement urbains durables. Les joueurs explorent les options de d\u00e9veloppement durable pour un projet de r\u00e9novation urbaine qui existe vraiment ou pour un quartier fictif, en tenant compte de facteurs tels que la qualit\u00e9 de vie, l\u2019environnement ou encore la faisabilit\u00e9 du projet. Une fois que les joueurs sont arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 un consensus sur la mani\u00e8re de proc\u00e9der, les d\u00e9cisions sont entr\u00e9es dans un programme de mod\u00e9lisation informatique qui leur permet de se faire une id\u00e9e du r\u00e9sultat final, ainsi que des effets et cons\u00e9quences de leurs d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\""Master<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u00a9 Photo : Francisco Leal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les multiples b\u00e9n\u00e9fices des \u00ab serious games \u00bb sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie et le climat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mais quels sont les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices attendus de ces \u00ab serious games \u00bb ? Tout d\u2019abord, les citoyens et responsables qui y participent peuvent en esp\u00e9rer concr\u00e8tement des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices tangibles. Suite au jeu de r\u00f4le organis\u00e9 par le Virginia Tech Center, les participants ont ainsi signal\u00e9 qu\u2019ils avaient beaucoup appris sur le changement climatique, avaient un sens plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de l\u2019urgence \u00e0 agir, une plus grande confiance dans leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 ses effets, et \u00e9taient pr\u00eats \u00e0 continuer \u00e0 collaborer sur ce sujet. Les chercheurs du Virginia Tech Center en ont conclu que de tels jeux devaient jouer un r\u00f4le plus important dans la formation des responsables des collectivit\u00e9s locales. Un exercice similaire men\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9gion de Nouvelle Angleterre aux Etats-Unis<\/a> a rassembl\u00e9 plus de 500 responsables de collectivit\u00e9s locales et de chercheurs au sein d\u2019ateliers sur l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique bas\u00e9s sur des jeux de r\u00f4le. Ces ateliers se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9s tr\u00e8s efficaces pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019action climatique dans de nombreuses villes de Nouvelle Angleterre : \u00e0 Cranston, les r\u00e9sultats du jeu ont amen\u00e9 ses dirigeants \u00e0 int\u00e9grer des consid\u00e9rations li\u00e9es au changement climatique dans les documents de planification \u00e0 long et moyen terme de la ville, et \u00e0 Dover, le jeu a renforc\u00e9 la confiance des citoyens dans la capacit\u00e9 de la collectivit\u00e9 locale \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux risques li\u00e9s au changement climatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un outil de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s utile pour soutenir l\u2019action locale en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie et de climat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sensibiliser la population locale, am\u00e9liorer les comp\u00e9tences des responsables locaux et leur confiance dans leurs propres aptitudes, renforcer la capacit\u00e9 des individus \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions et \u00e0 collaborer : les \u00ab serious games \u00bb repr\u00e9sentent un puissant outil de renforcement des comp\u00e9tences et contribuent \u00e0 soutenir l\u2019action locale en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie et de climat, \u00e0 instaurer un dialogue et \u00e0 jeter les bases de mesures ambitieuses ancr\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Le changement climatique n\u2019a rien d\u2019un jeu, mais les \u00ab serious games \u00bb sont clairement le moyen le plus divertissant de soutenir les villes et leurs habitants sur la voie de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour en savoir plus :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une s\u00e9lection de \u00ab serious games \u00bb sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie et le climat a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l\u2019ONG Centre for Systems Solutions<\/a>
Rapport de recherche \u00ab Role-play simulations for climate change adaptation education and engagement \u00bb publi\u00e9 en juillet 2016 dans le magazine scientifique Nature Climate Change<\/a>
\u00ab Master of the Covenant \u00bb \u2013 jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 visant \u00e0 aider les collectivit\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser leurs plans d\u2019action locale (PAEDC de la Convention des Maires)<\/a>
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les jeux sont faits pour nous divertir. Mais est-il possible d\u2019am\u00e9liorer notre aptitude \u00e0 apprendre, \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions et \u00e0 coop\u00e9rer pour faire avancer [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":18018,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"hub":[],"topic":[102,109],"legislative_initiative":[],"document_type":[],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"David Donnerer","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/d-donnerer\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/ace-cards-casino-pixabay@pexels-300x75.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/ace-cards-casino-pixabay@pexels.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"David Donnerer","author_link":"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/staff\/d-donnerer\/"},"yoast_head":"\nLES \u00ab SERIOUS GAMES \u00bb : UNE R\u00c9VOLUTION POUR L\u2019ACTION CLIMATIQUE LOCALE ? - Energy Cities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-serious-games-une-revolution-pour-laction-climatique-locale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LES \u00ab SERIOUS GAMES \u00bb : UNE R\u00c9VOLUTION POUR L\u2019ACTION CLIMATIQUE LOCALE ? - Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les jeux sont faits pour nous divertir. Mais est-il possible d\u2019am\u00e9liorer notre aptitude \u00e0 apprendre, \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions et \u00e0 coop\u00e9rer pour faire avancer [\u2026]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-serious-games-une-revolution-pour-laction-climatique-locale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Energy Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/energycities.eu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-09-04T15:14:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-01-10T15:40:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/ace-cards-casino-pixabay@pexels.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@energycities\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@energycities\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"David Donnerer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Energy Cities\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/energycities.eu\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UChIHn2wF76JzuTbAjSMs0hQ\",\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Energy_Cities\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/energycities\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/energy-cities-couleur.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/energy-cities-couleur.jpg\",\"width\":3508,\"height\":2587,\"caption\":\"Energy Cities\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Energy Cities\",\"description\":\" The European learning community for future-proof cities\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-serious-games-une-revolution-pour-laction-climatique-locale\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/ace-cards-casino-pixabay@pexels.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/ace-cards-casino-pixabay@pexels.jpg\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"pixabay@pexels\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-serious-games-une-revolution-pour-laction-climatique-locale\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/energy-cities.eu\/fr\/les-serious-games-une-revolution-pour-laction-climatique-locale\/\",\"name\":\"LES \u00ab SERIOUS GAMES \u00bb : UNE R\u00c9VOLUTION POUR L\u2019ACTION CLIMATIQUE LOCALE ? 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